| Probiotics | Functionalities or used for |
|---|---|
| Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Constipation |
| Bifidobacterium animalis | Folic acid and organic zinc production, normal DNA synthesis, immunity, and cell division, protecting DNA, lipid, and protein oxidative damage, normal bone maintenance, fertility and reproduction, gastrointestinal discomfort reduction, leaky gut, strengthening immunity, antioxidant activity, cardiovascular health, cholesterol lowering |
| Bifidobacterium longum | IBS-related gastrointestinal discomfort reduction, intestinal microbiota rebalance, EPS production, constipation, kidney stones incidence reduction, obesity treatment, and cholesterol management |
| Bifidobacterium infantis | Immune stimulation improves lung function |
| Bifidobacterium bifidum; Bifidobacterium infantis | Cardiovascular health: cholesterol lowering |
| Bifidobacterium breve | Constipation, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal discomfort, inhibiting pathogens, obesity treatment, cystitis, and kidney stones incidence reduction |
| Bifidobacterium lactis | Antioxidant activity |
| Lactobacillus plantarum | Gut-brain axis, healthy aging, immune system, sleep regulation, mood modulation |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | Intestinal microbial rebalance, reducing intestinal inflammation, kidney stones incidence, reducing allergy, intestinal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic therapies, increasing chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear cells, and preventing diarrhea prevention |
| Lactobacillus crispatus | Treatment of conditions caused by an imbalance of the skin microbiota |
| Lactobacillus reuteri | Protects DNA, proteins, and lipids, maintenance of normal immunity and bone |
| Lactobacillus delbrueckii | Intestinal microbial rebalance, lactose digestion, inhibition of pathogens and different gas-producing coliforms, allergy, treating intestinal dysmicrobisms for antibiotic therapies use, diarrheal |
| Lactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus crispatus | Inhibits Candida strains, treats vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), restores physiological gut barrier, cardiovascular health, lowers LDL-C, antioxidant properties |
| Lactobacillus gasseri | Weight management, vaginal health, rebalance healthy vaginal microbiota |
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Reduces intestinal inflammation, kidney stones incidence reduction, has immunomodulatory activity, helps the normal function of the neuron system, multiple sclerosis therapy and psychological function |
| Lactobacillus pentosus | Antipathogenic activity |
| Lactobacillus reuteri | Reuterin production and vitamin B12, an immunostimulant, reduce intestinal inflammation, kidney stones incidence reduction |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Rotaviral diarrhea, gastroenteritis, anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria |
| Lactobacillus salivarius | Inhibits Enterococcus faecium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Candida, prevents urogenital infections, restores intestinal microbial balance, pediatric gastroenteritis and ability to adhere on intestinal mucosa |
| Streptococcus thermophilus | Lactose digestion, EPS production, gut permeability, diarrhea |
| Lactobacillus brevis | Neurotransmitter synthesis, immune stimulation, reduces symptoms of rotavirus diarrhea, salivary cytokine release |
| Lactobacillus casei | Antitumor properties |
| Lactobacillus helveticus | Cholesterol management and antioxidant |
| Hafnia alvei | Next generation weight management probiotic |
| Bacillus mesentericus | Immune stimulation |
EPS: exopolysaccharides; IBS: irritable bowel syndrome; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
The authors are thankful to the Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh; Department of Computational Biology and AI, Aporesis, Wyoming, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh for giving support by sharing knowledge throughout this article writing and publishing.
STA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision. ABHR: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis, Project administration. MUA: Conceptualization. MTK: Writing—original draft. JFJ: Data curation. MMI: Writing—original draft. MARR: Conceptualization. MAU: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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