Each value represents the mean ± SD; n = 3. Ad: decoction extract of A. conyzoides; Am: cold maceration extract of A. conyzoides; Bd: decoction extract of B. pilosa; Bm: cold maceration extract of B. pilosa; Cd: decoction extract of combination; Cm: cold maceration extract of combination; IC50: median inhibitory concentration; Pf3D7: Plasmodium falciparum 3D7; SD: standard deviation
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), and the Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, for making available some laboratory reagents and equipment. The authors also extend their sincere gratitude to all the staff members and collaborators who contributed to this work through technical assistance, insightful discussions, and valuable resources.
Author contributions
PVTF: Conceptualization, Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Validation. CAM: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Validation. KLN: Supervision, Methodology, Writing—review & editing, Validation. MJTN, CPDD, LRTY, and ATT: Methodology, Writing—review & editing, Validation. AYK and HND: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Validation. MBTT and RK: Visualization, Writing—review & editing, Validation. VN and FFB: Resources, Writing—review & editing, Validation. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The research adhered to the 2013 Helsinki Declaration for human inclusion and followed the National Institutes of Health’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, along with Cameroon’s National Veterinary Laboratory guidelines (No 003/19/CCS/MINEPIA/RD-NW/DDME/SSV). The University of Bamenda Institutional Review Board approved the study (Ref: 2024/0153H/UBa/IRB).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from participants prior to blood collection.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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