Exploration of Drug Science

Table 1. The identified compounds in NE extracts by searched chemical reference library of standards from the FOODB and HMDB databases

NE extract
N^o	RT	IP	Adduct	Description	NM	DM	ME	S	FS
1	0.89	–	[M–H, M+FA–H]	Gentiotriose	504.169	549.167	–1.02	56.6	85.8
2	1.69	–	[M+FA–H]	Wyomin	n.d	801.206	–4.62	46.6	48.8
3	3.25	–	[M+FA–H]	1-O-Sinapoylglucose	n.d	431.118	–1.74	53.7	71.6
4	4.17	–	[2M–H]	Edulisin VI	n.d	811.245	0.33	44.4	33.3
5	4.57	–	[M+FA–H]	1-Octen-3-yl primeveroside	n.d	467.212	–1.54	53.7	71.6
6	0.79	+	[M+H–H₂O, M+H]	D-1-[(3-Carboxypropyl) amino]-1-deoxyfructose	265.116	266.123	–0.14	57.9	86.4
7	0.89	+	[M+NH₄, M+Na]	Umbelliferose	504.170	527.158	0.07	56	83.9
8	1.66	+	[M+H–H₂O, M+H]	4-Hydroxycinnamic acid	164.047	147.044	0.17	53.8	71.4
9	3.22	+	[M+H–H₂O]	2-Hydroxycinnamic acid	n.d	147.044	0.14	47.9	41.9
10	4.16	+	[M+H–H₂O]	Inulobiose	n.d	365.105	–0.52	54.9	79.7

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DM: detected mass (m/z); ESI: electrospray ionization; FS: fragmentation score (max 0–100%); FOODB: Food Database; HMDB: Human Metabolome Database; IP: ionization polarize mode (negative and positive ESI); ME: mass error (< 5 ppm); n.d: no data; NE extract: noni ethanol extract; NM: neutral mass (m/z); RT: retention time (t_r = min); S: score (max 30–60%)

Declarations

Acknowledgments

As the author, I, Dr Aslee Tailulu, would like to express my sincere gratitude toward Mr. Feng Sijia from the Shanghai OE Biotech. Co., Ltd., based in Shanghai, China, for his invaluable assistance in providing analysis assistance and database access. This support was crucial to the successful completion of my research. I am also deeply grateful to my wife, Mrs. Brenna Marie McFadden, and my daughter, Ms. Elizabeth Dode Tailulu, for their unwavering support, their patience, and their constant encouragement throughout the duration of this long and exciting research project and article writing period. Their presence and understanding were instrumental in seeing this project through to its completion.

Author contributions

AT: Conceptualizing, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Software, Visualization, Project administration, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. HC: Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. LW: Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—review & editing. YS: Funding acquisition. PS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of work, ensuring integrity and accuracy.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All data were generated in-house, and no paper mill was used. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to Aslee Tailulu, y10180458@mail.ecust.edu.cn.

Funding

This work was supported by the Key Laboratory Project of Qinghai Science & Technology Department and the Open Project of Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources [Grant ID: 2023-SYS-01]; and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant ID: 32171958]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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