Table Info

Table 1.

CD36 polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases

Pathological findings	CD36 variants	Population	Sample size	Effect size (OR/HR, 95% CI)	Key notes/observations	References
Abnormal serum fatty acids	rs3211938, rs1761667	African Americans		HDL < 5.2 mg/dL (P = 0.00018); FA > 2.7 mg/dL/A-allele	rs3211938 reduces CD36 protein (41%), rs1761667 increases FA uptake	[47, 51]
Abnormal serum fatty acids	30294G>C polymorphism	Caucasians	585	FFA levels (P = 0.02)	Men carrying the AGGIG haplotype had 31% higher FFA (P = 0.0002) and 20% higher triglycerides	[44]
Abnormal LDLs	rs1761665, rs7755	Caucasians	1,117	LDL particle numbers/20% (P < 0.01)	3'UTR, rs7755 (A-allele), previously linked to risk of MetS and stroke was associated with higher LDL	[52]
Abnormal LDLs	SNP +30215/G-allele	Japanese	494	Difference in LDL-cholesterol concentrations was 10 mg/dL between GG- and AA-genotype carriers (P < 0.05)	Maker of the variation of LDL-cholesterol levels in male population	[45]
Ischemic stroke risk	rs1761667, rs10499859	Chinese	1,387	Increased risk of ischemic stroke with a 1.38 (95% CI 1.06–1.78, P = 0.020); rs10499859 risk was increased by 1.39 (95% CI 1.08–1.81, P = 0.012)	Dominant model risk independent of lipid levels	[53]
Ischemic stroke risk	rs1761667	Korean	759	Higher stroke risk of AG + AA genotypes (16.3% vs. 10.2%, respectively; P = 0.049)	No significant association with microvascular complication	[54]
CAD	rs1761667 (AG genotype)	Egyptian	147	AG genotype rs1761667 association with increased risk of CAD (OR = 17.97, 95% CI 3.19–87.85, P = 0.001)	Plasma LDL levels in CAD patients with the AG genotype were significantly higher than those with the GG and AA genotypes (P = 0.046); AG genotype was significantly more prevalent among T2DM and metabolic syndrome patients (P < 0.05)	[55]
CAD	rs1761667 (G > A)	Iranian	238	Risk of CAD increased with rs1761667 (G > A) (OR = 5.677, 95% CI = 1.053–30.601, P = 0.043)	Dominant model of CD36 rs1761667 was found to have a protective role in hypertensive and CAD patients	[56]
Insulin resistance & T2DM	rs3211938 (TG genotype)	Mexican Mestizos	115	HOMA-IR 3.2-fold (P = 0.001)	BMI 4.1 kg/m² in diabetics vs. TT carriers	[47]
Stroke risk (LV mass & obesity)	rs1527479, rs1984112	Australian	275	LV mass/2 g/m² (P < 0.05)	Linked to exercise-induced lipid oxidation	[57]
Stroke risk (LV mass & obesity)	rs1761663	Finnish	1,425	rs1761663 effect on left ventricular mass measured either by echo (P = 0.017) or ECG (P = 0.007)	rs1761663 polymorphism has independent effects both on BMI and left-ventricular mass	[58]

LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CAD: coronary artery disease; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; OR: odds ratio; HR: heart rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FA: fatty acids; FFA: free fatty acids; 3'UTR: 3' untranslated region; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; BMI: body mass index; ECG: electrocardiogram

Declarations

Acknowledgments

Figures were created in BioRender. Enciu, A. (2025) https://BioRender.com/t73a673. We thank Alexandru Diaconeasa for the English proofing of the manuscript.

Author contributions

AMDN: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. IDP: Writing—original draft. EC: Writing—original draft, Funding acquisition. MD: Writing—original draft. AME: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Conceptualization. CT: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research was supported by the Core Program within the National Research, Development and Innovation Plan, 2022–2027, with the support of MCID, project NO. [10N/01.01.2023, PN 23.16.01.01, PN 23.16.02.01, PN 23.16.02.03]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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