Patient characteristics and outcomes according to sex
Characteristic
Men (N = 37)
Women (N = 19)
p
Age (mean, std.)
69.8 (11.2)
77.0 (15.2)
0.0299
Preceding mRS (median)
0
0
0.15
Deep hemorrhage (basal ganglia, thalamus) (N = 36)
27 (75%)
9 (25%)
0.056
Lobar (N = 12)
3 (25%)
9 (75%)
0.002
Infratentorial hemorrhage (N = 8)
7 (87.5%)
1 (12.5%)
0.17
Neurosurgical evacuation (N = 3)
2 (66.7%)
1 (33.3%)
0.74
Smokers
7 (19%)
1 (5%)
0.24
Diabetes
9 (24%)
6 (32%)
0.75
Hypertension
34 (92%)
17 (89%)
1.00
Anticoagulation
8 (22%)
8 (42%)
0.13
Pre-existing epilepsy
3 (8%)
0
0.28
Length of stay (median, days)
6
6
0.88
mRS at discharge (median, IQR)
4 (2)
4 (2)
0.65
mRS at three months (median, IQR)
3 (3)
2 (3)
0.73
Mean follow-up (years, std.)
1.8 (1.0)
1.6 (1.0)
0.38
Developed new epilepsy
2 (5%)
1 (5%)
1.00
Mean time to epilepsy (years, std.)
0.25 (0.14)
0.80 (0)
1.00
Died
6 (16%)
5 (26%)
0.48
Mean survival time (years, standard error)
2.8 (0.19)
2.3 (0.30)
0.38
IQR: interquartile range; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; std.: standard deviation
Declarations
Author contributions
JOTS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JT: Investigation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. JP, LB, M Hassan, M Heikkinen, AK, AM, AMS, and JW: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. AMK: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
Jussi O.T. Sipilä, who is the Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Neuroscience, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Jussi O.T. Sipilä: Honoraria (Novartis), Congress attendance support (Lundbeck), Advisory Board (Sandoz, Boehringer-Ingelheim), Shareholder (Orion). Ayla Mehdiyeva: Congress attendance support (Sanofi). Mohamed Hassan: Congress attendance support (Merck). Johanna Willman: Congress attendance support (Orion). Anne-Mari Kantanen: Advisory board (Boehringer-Ingelheim, Astra-Zeneca), Congress Attendance support Astra Zeneca. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study involves no direct contact (outside of normal healthcare procedures) with the patients, and ethical approval is therefore not required according to Finnish law.
Consent to participate
This study involves no direct contact (outside of normal healthcare procedures) with the patients or publishing identifiable individual level information, and patient consent is therefore not required according to Finnish law.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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