Studies utilizing modified EVs on PD models

Therapeutic cargoEV source (cell line or biofluid)ModificationLoading methodRef.
α-Syn siRNADendritic cellLamp2b-RVGElectroporation[98]
CatalaseRAW 264.7UnmodifiedCo-incubation, saponin permeabilization, freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, and extrusion[87]
Catalase mRNAHEK293TLamp2b-RVGn/a[101]
DABloodTransferrin pretreatmentCo-incubation[97]
Anti-α-Syn shRNA-MCsDendritic cellLamp2b-RVGElectroporation[102]
Aptamer F5R1 and F5R2HEK293TLamp2b-RVGCo-incubation[100]
Natural EV-cargo with curcuminMSCsSA-P and SA-RVGSonication[91]

n/a: not applicable; shRNA-MCs: short hairpin RNA minicircles