Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 1. GC-MS characterization of LLARE.

Alkaloid compounds	RT	Weight (%)	Peak area (%)	m/z
Pyrazine trimethyl	2.00	4.47	3.85	42, 81, 122
Tyramine	5.18	5.24	5.09	77, 107, 137
6-Methylnicotinic acid	10.00	6.13	7.68	45, 92, 137
Phenol 4-[2-(methylamino) ethyl]	11.49	7.27	4.85	44, 71, 151
Octopamine	14.38	3.25	5.46	77, 123, 153
Hordenine	17.00	5.04	4.24	42, 58, 165
Methoxyquinoline	18.75	4.59	4.95	50, 116, 159
Pyridine 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S)	19.61	7.17	6.66	42, 84, 162
Synephrine	25.23	12.65	9.35	116, 193, 267
2-Norbornanamine N-ethyl-3-phenyl	27.75	2.13	3.83	58, 98, 215
Citracridone I	35.68	6.20	6.26	43, 325, 353

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Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Dr Ajayi Babajide towards the purchase of scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate.

Author contributions

OHO: Conceptualization, Project administration, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AAA: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation. VOO: Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation. OPIO: Writing—original draft, Data curation. KAO: Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation. CDF: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology. AOA: Formal analysis, Data curation, Validation. OI: Conceptualization, Supervision. All authors reviewed, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and the use of laboratory animals were strictly followed. The experimental methods were approved by the Research Ethics Committee for animal experimentation of the Faculty of Science, (FUOYE) with ethical approval number, FUOYEFSC 201122 – REC2023/013.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Datasets are available on request.

Funding

This research did not receive any funds, grants, or support from any organisation.

Copyright

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