Serum oxidative stress markers, antioxidant indices, and micronutrient levels in participants with schizophrenia and controls.
| Variables | Schizophrenia = 120 (Mean ± SEM) | Controln = 100 (Mean ± SEM) | t-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc (mg/L) | 1.8 ± 0.01 | 2.7 ± 0.02 | –3.548 | 0.001* |
| Selenium (mg/L) | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | –2.296 | 0.024* |
| Vitamin C (mg/L) | 12.98 ± 0.49 | 15.08 ± 0.37 | –3.225 | 0.002* |
| Vitamin E (mg/dL) | 1.74 ± 0.15 | 1.91 ± 0.12 | –0.875 | 0.383 |
| TAC (mmol/L) | 0.65 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.01 | –7.274 | < 0.001* |
| MDA (µmol/L) | 2.32 ± 0.19 | 1.17 ± 0.10 | 4.878 | < 0.001* |
| GSH (µmol/L) | 14.5 ± 0.28 | 15.9 ± 1.59 | –8.647 | < 0.001* |
| CAT (U/L) | 41.73 ± 1.81 | 21.33 ± 0.98 | 9.915 | < 0.001* |
| SOD (U/L) | 19.58 ± 0.80 | 10.12 ± 0.45 | 9.439 | < 0.001* |
*Significant at p < 0.05. Values are presented as Mean ± SEM. SEM was used to reflect the precision of the estimated group mean for inferential comparisons between the schizophrenia and control groups. TAC: total antioxidant capacity; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: glutathione; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
We acknowledge the invaluable support received from the staff of the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, and the University of Lagos throughout the course of this project. Special appreciation is extended to the Centre for Genomics of Non-Communicable Diseases and Personalized Healthcare, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria, for their technical guidance, resources, and collaborative efforts that significantly contributed to the success of this work.
TAO: Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Project administration, Visualization. SJA: Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources. BMS: Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources. BWG: Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources. OAO: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources. OJO: Formal analysis, Investigation. AO: Resources, Data curation, Visualization. JDA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. OA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta (PR003/19). The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).
Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
Not applicable.
All data generated and gathered during this study are available to the corresponding author on reasonable request.
This research received no external funding.
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