Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 4. Selected NIH-funded projects over the past decade employing human electrophysiology.

Focus	Title	Project start year	Project end year	Grant	Study section	Institute/center
Language	Functional organization of the superior temporal gyrus for speech perception	2012	2022	R01	Auditory System	NIDCD
Language	Engaging new cognitive and motor signals to improve communication prostheses	2015	2025	R01	BNVT	NIDCD
Language	The neural coding of speech across human languages	2020	2025	U01	ZNS1-SRB-K	NINDS
Language	A Pilot Clinical Trial for Speech Neuroprosthesis	2021	2026	U01	Special Emphasis Panel	NIDCD
Language	Single-neuron population dynamics in human speech motor cortex for a speech prosthesis	2021	2026	U01	ZDC1-SRB-E(30)	NIDCD
Language	Studying semantic processing during language comprehension in humans at the single-cellular level	2022	2027	R01	Language and Communication	NIDCD
Language	A fully implantable speech neuroprosthesis	2024	2026	UG3	Special Emphasis Panel	NINDS
Social	An Integrated Single-Neuronal, Population-, Local Network- and Stimulation-Based Prefrontal Investigation of Human Social Cognition	2021	2026	U01	ZNS1-SRB-P(01)	NINDS
Social	Neural Mechanisms of Social Attribution from Faces	2023	2028	R01	Human Complex Mental Function	NIMH
Naturalistic	Neurostimulation and Recording of Real World Spatial Navigation in Humans	2020	2025	U01	ZNS1-SRB-K(20)	NINDS
Naturalistic	Synchronized neuronal and peripheral biomarker recordings in freely moving humans	2024	2027	R61	Special Emphasis Panel [ZMH1 ERB-E(01)]	NIMH
Naturalistic	Capturing Autobiographical memory formation in People moving Through real-world spaces Using synchronized wearables and intracranial Recordings of EEG	2024	2027	R61	Special Emphasis Panel [ZMH1 ERB-E(01)]	NIMH
Decision Making	Identifying the neural mechanisms of goal-directed decision-making in Parkinson’s disease using closed-loop deep brain stimulation	2023	2026	F32	ZMH1-ERB-E(03)	NIMH
Motor	Cortical basal ganglia network dynamics during human gait control	2020	2025	U01	ZNS1-SRB-K(20)	NINDS
Motor	Cortical basis of complex motor sequences in humans for neural interfaces	2021	2026	U01	ZNS1-SRB-P(02)	NINDS
Motor	Motor Recovery through Plasticity-Inducing Cortical Stimulation	2022	2028	UH3	Neurological Sciences and Disorders C	NINDS
Learning	Mapping Algorithmic State Space in the Human Brain	2021	2026	U01	ZNS1-SRB-P(01)	NINDS
Mood	Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression Using Directional Current Steering and Individualized Network Targeting	2017	2026	UH3	ZNS1-SRB-E(10)1	NINDS
Mood	Invasive decoding and stimulation of altered reward computations in depression	2021	2026	R01	ZMH1-ERB-Q(03)	NIMH
Mood	Intracranial Investigation of Neural Circuity Underlying Human Mood	2023	2028	R01	Human Complex Mental Function	NIMH
Pain	Technology development for closed-loop deep brain stimulation to treat refractory neuropathic pain	2019	2024	UH3	ZNS1-SRB-T(32)	NINDS
Compulsive	Responsive Neurostimulation for Loss of Control Eating	2019	2026	UH3	ZNS1-SRB-E(10)	NINDS
Compulsive	The role of distributional reinforcement learning in human neurons during impulsive choices	2022	2026	R01	Human Complex Mental Function	NIMH
Compulsive	Investigating the role of nucleus accumbens delta signaling in loss of control	2022	2027	R01	ZMH1-ERB-Q(03)	NIMH
Device	Advancing epilepsy diagnosis with flexible, high-resolution thin-film electrodes	2022	2025	UG3	Neurological Sciences and Disorders C	NINDS
Device	An Ecosystem of Technology and Protocols for Adaptive Neuromodulation Research in Humans	2022	2026	U01	ZNS1-SRB-O(18)	NINDS
TBI	Central thalamic stimulation for traumatic brain injury (TBI)	2015	2022	UH3	ZNS1-SRB-E(06)	NINDS

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Projects are categorized by research focus, with project title, start and end year, grant mechanism, study section, and institute/center listed. This table is not comprehensive. BNVT: Bioengineering of Neuroscience, Vision, and Low Vision Technologies; NIH: National Institutes of Health.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The author sincerely thanks Lawrence Hunt and Ignacio Saez for their thoughtful and constructive comments on the Oxford thesis work that formed the basis of this review. Deep gratitude is also extended to Mark Woolrich, Huiling Tan, Chet Gohil, Mats van Es, Julio Chapeton, Zane Xie, and Ashwin Ramayya for their insightful perspectives, which improved the conceptual development of this work. While this work emphasizes the unique insights afforded by human intracranial recordings, increasingly even more precise approaches targeting circuits at the level of specific cell types and receptors are emerging as powerful ways to unravel and modulate brain processes.

Author contributions

APST: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

No new data were generated or analyzed in support of this review. All cited data are publicly available in the referenced publications.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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