The table outlines the main future directions in hydrocephalus research, including the establishment of dynamic, multi-scale organoid and OOC models, use of methods of precision medicine such as personal therapies based on iPSCs and CRISPR coupled with AI, adherence to ethical and regulatory values such as the 3Rs and patient/public participation, and consideration of equitable access and cost-effectiveness of therapies. International collaboration, data sharing, and FAIR principles are highlighted as essential in allowing harmonization, reproducibility, and regulatory convergence. 3Rs: replacement, reduction, and refinement; FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cell; OOC: organ-on-chip.
Declarations
Author contributions
IA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. The author read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The author declares that there are no competing interests.
Ethical approval
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Consent to publication
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Availability of data and materials
This review article does not contain original datasets. All information discussed is available in the published literature and cited accordingly.
Funding
This work was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), 3rd call for postdoctoral fellows (Research Grant No. 7371). The funder had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the article for publication.
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