Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 1. Genetic and epigenetic contributions to SZ.

Gene	Function	Findings/Association with SZ
LRRFIP1	Transcription factor	Involved in neurogenesis, identified in the Arab-Israeli population
NMBR	Neuromodulation	Linked to fear, anxiety, and stress responses
UGT1A1	Drug metabolism & neurotransmitter regulation	Associated with SZ in Arab-Israeli and German populations
DOCK4	Neurodevelopment	Related to dyslexia, autism, and SZ
ZFAT	Immune system regulation	Associated with SZ and autoimmune disorders
CACNA1C, CACNB230, CACNB327	Calcium channel genes	Implicated in both SZ and bipolar disorder
AMBRA1	Autophagy & neurotransmission	Impacts memory, anxiety, and prepulse inhibition
NDST3	Synaptogenesis & neurodevelopment	Identified as a SZ risk locus in Ashkenazi Jewish and Han Chinese populations
22q11.2 deletion region (TBX1, GLN1, COMT)	Neurodevelopment & neurotransmitter metabolism	Strongly linked to SZ risk
Erbb4, SLC1A3	Synaptic plasticity	Disruptions linked to cognitive impairments in SZ

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AMBRA1: autophagy and Beclin 1 regulator 1; CACNA1C: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C; CACNB230: calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 230; COMT: catechol-O-methyltransferase; DOCK4: dedicator of cytokinesis 4; GLN1: glutamine synthetase 1; LRRFIP1: leucine rich repeat flightless interacting protein 1; NDST3: N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 3; NMBR: neuromedin B receptor; SZ: schizophrenia; TBX1: T-box transcription factor 1; UGT1A1: UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1; ZFAT: zinc finger and AT-hook domain containing; Erbb4: Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4; SLC1A3: solute carrier family 1 member 3.

Declarations

Author contributions

TAO: Conceptualization, Investigation. OJO: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. UOA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KBO: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft. SSM: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MMA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AKA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ABO: Writing—original draft. JOO: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GE: Writing—review & editing. DELP: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors have read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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