Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 2. Therapeutic approaches targeting infection-induced AD.

Class of medication	Agent	Mechanism
Targeting microorganisms directly
Antibiotics	Doxycycline, azithromycin	Broad-spectrum antibacterial action targeting C. pneumoniae in CNS and systemic sites
AMPs	LL-37 analogs	BBB-penetrating, intracellular killing of persistent C. pneumoniae forms
Other therapeutic categories
Immunomodulators	NF-κB inhibitors, minocycline, NSAIDs	Suppression of microglial overactivation and chronic neuroinflammation
Cell biological treatment	Mitochondrial protectants, antioxidants	Stabilization of neuronal bioenergetics and reduction of oxidative stress
Supportive treatment	Cognitive enhancers, lifestyle interventions	Maintenance of cognitive function and delay of clinical progression

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AD: Alzheimer’s disease; CNS: central nervous system; AMPs: antimicrobial peptides; BBB: blood-brain barrier; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Declarations

Author contributions

ASK: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AWI: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. SSA, SFZ, and DT: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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