Exploration of Immunology

Table 2. Number of hits (cases with predicted IC₅₀ < 50 nM) per human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele and P. gingivalis protein.

Number	Allele	FimB	Mfa2	Mfa4	FimA	Mfa1	FimC	Mfa3	RgpA	FimE	FimD	RgpB	Mfa5	Kgp	Hits
1	A*01:01	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	2	1	2	0	1	10
2	A*02:01	5	2	4	2	4	5	1	5	8	5	14	8	20	83
3	A*02:02	7	4	5	6	5	9	7	9	15	7	21	18	23	136
4	A*02:05	3	1	5	4	4	7	5	9	9	6	18	7	18	96
5	A*02:06	5	3	4	6	4	7	5	9	13	7	23	11	26	123
6	A*02:17	0	0	2	0	1	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	6
7	A*02:30	5	2	4	2	4	5	1	5	8	5	14	8	20	83
8	A*02:35	4	3	3	2	3	4	1	4	7	3	10	6	17	67
9	A*02:63	7	4	5	6	5	9	7	9	15	7	21	18	23	136
10	A*02:77	5	2	4	2	4	5	1	5	8	5	14	8	20	83
11	A*03:01	0	2	1	2	1	1	0	2	0	2	3	2	5	21
12	A*03:02	0	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	0	1	4	4	5	26
13	A*03:81	0	2	1	2	1	1	0	2	0	2	3	2	5	21
14	A*11:01	0	2	4	3	3	2	4	3	4	7	7	8	10	57
15	A*11:02	0	2	4	3	3	2	4	3	4	7	7	8	10	57
16	A*23:01	1	0	2	2	2	0	3	1	0	3	2	3	6	25
17	A*24:02	1	0	2	2	1	0	4	0	0	2	2	3	6	23
18	A*24:03	4	3	3	3	4	1	6	4	4	5	8	9	13	67
19	A*25:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	2
20	A*26:01	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2	2	1	1	9
21	A*26:08	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	5
22	A*26:12	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	1	2	0	7
23	A*29:01	2	0	1	2	2	1	2	5	4	7	12	3	12	53
24	A*29:02	2	0	1	2	2	1	2	5	4	7	12	3	12	53
25	A*30:01	0	2	3	6	8	9	1	1	4	8	5	8	12	67
26	A*30:02	0	1	2	3	0	2	2	0	1	3	4	3	9	30
27	A*31:01	1	0	5	1	2	3	2	6	2	3	7	5	9	46
28	A*32:01	2	2	1	1	1	3	0	2	3	2	2	2	3	24
29	A*33:01	0	1	0	0	0	0	5	4	0	2	3	0	3	18
30	A*33:03	1	1	1	1	2	1	4	6	1	3	5	2	5	33
31	A*34:01	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	4
32	A*34:02	0	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	5	2	2	2	21
33	A*36:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
34	A*68:01	4	4	3	3	7	4	5	8	5	10	10	13	13	89
35	A*68:02	3	4	3	5	8	6	4	10	5	8	15	11	15	97
36	A*68:37	4	4	3	3	7	4	5	8	5	10	10	13	13	89
37	A*74:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2
38	A*74:03	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2
39	A*80:01	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	2	1	2	10
40	B*07:02	2	0	3	0	0	1	0	3	1	2	4	5	5	26
41	B*07:04	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	2	7
42	B*07:05	2	0	3	1	1	2	0	5	2	2	10	8	11	47
43	B*08:01	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	2	8
44	B*14:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
45	B*14:02	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
46	B*15:01	2	1	1	1	2	3	2	4	1	2	5	6	11	41
47	B*15:03	6	6	6	9	7	11	8	18	10	15	31	26	45	198
48	B*15:07	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	2	6
49	B*15:16	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
50	B*15:17	2	6	8	9	6	9	9	13	6	14	27	14	30	153
51	B*15:35	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	5
52	B*18:01	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	4	1	6	14
53	B*27:05	0	2	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	2	0	10
54	B*27:07	2	1	2	1	1	2	3	3	2	3	4	4	4	32
55	B*27:08	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
56	B*35:01	3	1	4	3	3	3	5	7	5	5	13	8	13	73
57	B*35:02	2	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	5	4	5	22
58	B*35:03	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	1	8
59	B*35:08	1	0	0	0	1	0	2	1	2	0	5	4	5	21
60	B*35:17	2	0	1	0	1	0	1	2	2	2	8	4	7	30
61	B*37:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
62	B*39:01	1	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	8
63	B*39:02	0	2	0	0	2	1	1	1	2	2	1	3	1	16
64	B*39:05	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
65	B*39:06	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	5
66	B*39:24	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	7
67	B*40:01	1	2	0	1	4	2	1	1	4	3	2	1	1	23
68	B*40:02	0	3	1	1	2	2	0	3	3	4	1	2	1	23
69	B*41:01	1	2	2	3	1	2	1	3	2	2	6	1	4	30
70	B*41:02	0	3	1	1	2	2	2	4	4	3	1	2	1	26
71	B*42:02	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	5
72	B*44:02	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	1	2	1	9
73	B*44:03	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	2	0	1	2	1	10
74	B*44:04	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
75	B*44:07	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	2	0	1	2	1	10
76	B*44:27	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	1	2	1	9
77	B*45:01	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	1	2	0	2	1	2	11
78	B*47:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
79	B*48:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
80	B*49:01	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
81	B*50:01	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	2	1	1	1	0	1	8
82	B*50:02	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	4
83	B*53:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	4	4	2	13
84	B*54:01	1	0	1	1	0	2	3	4	0	0	6	4	9	31
85	B*55:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	4
86	B*56:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	3	1	5	11
87	B*57:01	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	3	0	2	3	0	11
88	B*57:02	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	7
89	B*57:03	0	0	0	2	1	2	0	3	2	0	5	1	1	17
90	B*58:01	1	0	1	2	4	3	0	2	3	2	7	3	8	36
91	B*81:01	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	3
92	C*01:02	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	3	0	0	5	1	1	13
93	C*02:02	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	7
94	C*02:10	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	7
95	C*03:02	1	7	3	7	7	8	4	7	3	7	16	12	20	102
96	C*03:03	2	4	3	4	4	4	2	6	2	6	18	11	16	82
97	C*03:04	2	4	3	4	4	4	2	6	2	6	18	11	16	82
98	C*05:01	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	3	2	4	15
99	C*06:02	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	2	0	5
100	C*07:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
101	C*07:02	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	3
102	C*08:01	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	4
103	C*08:02	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	6
104	C*08:03	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	4
105	C*12:02	1	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	0	1	5	4	6	27
106	C*12:03	1	6	3	4	4	6	2	5	2	6	13	9	17	78
107	C*14:02	2	4	3	5	7	6	8	4	7	6	13	13	24	102
108	C*15:02	1	2	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	3	4	4	4	22
109	C*15:04	1	3	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	2	5	4	6	31
110	C*15:05	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
111	C*15:06	0	4	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	3	4	4	18
112	C*15:09	1	3	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	2	5	4	6	31
113	C*16:01	2	9	4	9	4	7	4	10	3	9	21	11	25	118
114	C*16:02	0	4	1	2	1	2	0	1	1	1	5	6	8	32
115	C*16:04	1	7	1	3	2	2	1	4	1	4	7	8	10	51
116	C*17:01	0	2	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	3	1	3	14
117	DPB1*01:01	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	6	18
118	DPB1*02:01	0	1	16	1	0	0	0	6	9	3	18	6	25	85
119	DPB1*02:02	0	1	18	1	1	0	0	6	9	6	19	6	26	93
120	DPB1*03:01	0	5	5	2	4	0	6	3	0	1	1	0	0	27
121	DPB1*04:01	0	0	16	0	0	0	0	6	5	2	14	6	18	67
122	DPB1*06:01	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
123	DPB1*104:01	0	5	5	2	4	0	6	3	0	1	1	0	0	27
124	DPB1*124:01	0	5	5	2	4	0	6	3	0	1	1	0	0	27
125	DPB1*126:01	0	0	16	0	0	0	0	6	5	2	14	6	18	67
126	DPB1*14:01	0	4	1	0	3	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	13
127	DPB1*15:01	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	5	1	6	0	11	33
128	DPB1*16:01	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	1	0	1	9
129	DPB1*20:01	0	5	2	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	11
130	DPB1*23:01	0	0	16	0	0	0	0	6	5	2	14	6	18	67
131	DPB1*33:01	2	8	36	6	8	5	8	28	28	22	42	18	66	277
132	DPB1*34:01	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	6	1	11	23
133	DPB1*35:01	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
134	DPB1*39:01	0	0	16	0	0	0	0	6	5	2	14	6	18	67
135	DPB1*40:01	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	10	17
136	DPB1*41:01	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	1	3	1	12
137	DPB1*46:01	0	1	16	1	0	0	0	6	9	3	18	6	25	85
138	DPB1*47:01	0	1	18	1	1	0	0	6	9	6	19	6	26	93
139	DPB1*71:01	2	8	36	6	8	5	8	28	28	22	42	18	66	277
140	DPB1*72:01	0	0	16	0	0	0	1	8	6	7	19	6	24	87
141	DPB1*81:01	0	1	16	1	0	0	0	6	9	3	18	6	25	85
142	DPB1*91:01	0	5	2	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	11
143	DRB1*01:01	46	33	26	56	62	67	45	71	80	66	150	124	205	1,031
144	DRB1*01:02	7	11	0	12	3	14	10	33	4	19	19	32	48	212
145	DRB1*01:03	1	4	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	12
146	DRB1*01:11	21	11	6	16	9	26	14	27	14	23	24	39	79	309
147	DRB1*01:18	48	36	32	67	75	81	54	96	96	86	162	141	214	1,188
148	DRB1*01:20	39	28	20	65	64	60	51	83	73	66	105	113	137	904
149	DRB1*01:24	24	13	9	19	14	29	20	33	15	28	39	51	97	391
150	DRB1*01:29	24	14	8	22	21	34	21	40	25	27	53	62	110	461
151	DRB1*03:01	13	0	0	0	0	9	2	16	5	9	24	10	22	110
152	DRB1*03:04	13	0	0	0	0	9	2	16	5	9	24	10	22	110
153	DRB1*03:05	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	4
154	DRB1*03:11	17	6	9	2	7	36	11	24	11	22	31	28	27	231
155	DRB1*03:13	13	0	0	0	0	9	2	16	5	9	24	10	22	110
156	DRB1*03:15	5	0	0	0	1	0	0	8	4	8	11	8	14	59
157	DRB1*04:01	7	6	16	15	7	11	17	3	28	8	8	17	17	160
158	DRB1*04:02	0	2	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	11
159	DRB1*04:03	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2
160	DRB1*04:04	1	13	8	14	11	13	20	10	12	7	13	28	20	170
161	DRB1*04:05	3	4	1	3	6	6	19	6	17	2	13	6	19	105
162	DRB1*04:06	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2
163	DRB1*04:07	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	0	0	0	0	5
164	DRB1*04:08	4	8	13	14	9	6	16	3	18	8	6	19	16	140
165	DRB1*04:10	1	8	2	1	0	4	13	1	0	0	5	8	3	46
166	DRB1*04:44	0	8	4	4	0	0	7	1	0	2	1	9	2	38
167	DRB1*04:53	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	7
168	DRB1*04:56	0	7	4	4	0	0	9	0	0	0	1	14	2	41
169	DRB1*04:72	2	0	5	0	0	9	14	0	16	3	4	12	8	73
170	DRB1*07:01	24	10	8	6	27	29	8	27	34	16	36	48	70	343
171	DRB1*08:01	6	0	0	0	0	0	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	13
172	DRB1*08:02	0	3	0	2	0	0	4	0	1	0	0	4	2	16
173	DRB1*08:03	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
174	DRB1*08:04	0	6	2	9	5	7	11	8	11	22	4	20	8	113
175	DRB1*08:24	0	1	0	2	0	0	3	0	4	6	8	3	5	32
176	DRB1*08:30	0	4	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	0	2	4	15
177	DRB1*08:36	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
178	DRB1*09:01	11	9	2	2	12	15	10	17	18	5	26	21	49	197
179	DRB1*09:02	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	4	2	7
180	DRB1*10:01	25	21	25	45	44	37	40	48	50	60	85	84	152	716
181	DRB1*11:01	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
182	DRB1*11:02	0	5	5	20	18	35	17	13	26	37	8	24	15	223
183	DRB1*11:03	1	3	0	15	15	26	20	14	29	34	15	33	15	220
184	DRB1*11:04	10	8	8	18	12	24	23	15	27	37	28	49	20	279
185	DRB1*11:06	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	10
186	DRB1*11:07	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	4	6	5	17
187	DRB1*11:08	3	4	3	4	8	2	18	2	14	13	8	17	11	107
188	DRB1*11:10	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
189	DRB1*11:11	0	0	0	4	4	0	5	1	6	7	5	7	6	45
190	DRB1*11:12	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
191	DRB1*11:13	5	6	16	21	12	34	16	21	26	36	15	29	20	257
192	DRB1*11:14	4	6	16	22	25	25	29	23	26	49	34	45	39	343
193	DRB1*11:19	0	4	0	0	0	0	4	1	0	0	0	2	4	15
194	DRB1*11:27	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	6	4	1	2	16
195	DRB1*11:28	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
196	DRB1*11:29	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
197	DRB1*11:37	0	0	0	3	0	0	5	0	6	6	11	11	9	51
198	DRB1*11:42	11	9	18	31	21	48	34	29	36	54	42	57	43	433
199	DRB1*11:46	10	8	8	18	12	24	23	15	27	37	28	49	20	279
200	DRB1*11:49	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
201	DRB1*11:54	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1
202	DRB1*11:58	10	8	8	18	12	24	23	15	27	37	28	49	20	279
203	DRB1*11:62	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
204	DRB1*11:65	0	5	5	20	18	35	17	13	26	37	8	24	15	223
205	DRB1*11:74	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
206	DRB1*11:84	1	3	0	4	5	0	4	2	8	12	2	5	0	46
207	DRB1*12:01	0	5	3	2	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	17
208	DRB1*12:02	0	4	4	2	6	3	0	3	3	0	2	0	3	30
209	DRB1*12:03	0	5	6	8	6	11	0	11	4	2	9	0	20	82
210	DRB1*12:16	0	5	0	0	5	1	2	3	5	7	0	0	6	34
211	DRB1*13:01	0	5	5	20	18	35	17	13	26	37	8	24	15	223
212	DRB1*13:02	4	6	16	22	25	25	29	23	26	49	34	45	39	343
213	DRB1*13:03	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
214	DRB1*13:05	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
215	DRB1*13:07	0	0	0	3	0	0	5	0	6	6	11	11	9	51
216	DRB1*13:11	10	8	8	18	12	24	23	15	27	37	28	49	20	279
217	DRB1*13:12	2	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
218	DRB1*13:14	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
219	DRB1*13:21	6	6	0	3	14	3	17	10	15	12	28	18	22	154
220	DRB1*13:23	4	6	16	22	25	25	29	23	26	49	34	45	39	343
221	DRB1*13:26	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	0	0	0	6
222	DRB1*13:33	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
223	DRB1*13:50	7	7	0	12	13	0	23	6	15	12	21	33	29	178
224	DRB1*13:61	0	3	0	4	8	12	3	0	5	6	0	1	1	43
225	DRB1*13:66	2	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	7	0	0	1	16
226	DRB1*13:96	1	5	13	3	14	19	15	2	18	36	3	9	15	153
227	DRB1*13:97	4	6	16	22	25	25	29	23	26	49	34	45	39	343
228	DRB1*14:01	0	4	10	0	5	10	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	33
229	DRB1*14:02	0	3	1	0	0	1	6	0	4	6	0	3	5	29
230	DRB1*14:03	0	3	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	4	11
231	DRB1*14:04	0	3	5	0	1	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	20
232	DRB1*14:06	0	5	1	5	6	14	9	3	10	20	1	10	4	88
233	DRB1*14:07	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
234	DRB1*14:12	0	4	0	4	4	2	0	1	4	10	0	3	0	32
235	DRB1*14:32	0	6	13	15	8	25	8	17	27	18	12	9	18	176
236	DRB1*14:38	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
237	DRB1*14:54	0	4	10	0	5	10	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	33
238	DRB1*15:01	12	10	0	6	0	4	9	16	14	8	9	15	19	122
239	DRB1*15:02	2	3	0	0	3	1	2	5	10	11	6	1	17	61
240	DRB1*15:03	4	5	0	4	0	2	0	5	7	4	3	8	7	49
241	DRB1*15:06	12	10	0	6	0	4	9	16	14	8	9	15	19	122
242	DRB1*15:07	3	6	0	4	0	1	0	7	6	2	2	9	7	47
243	DRB1*15:15	5	5	0	4	9	4	14	9	6	7	9	11	21	104
244	DRB1*15:37	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	0	0	4	1	18
245	DRB1*16:01	8	5	0	1	5	6	13	10	7	4	6	7	16	88
246	DRB1*16:02	12	5	2	0	10	11	11	11	16	4	8	12	27	129
247	DRB1*16:04	3	3	0	0	3	0	5	2	4	0	4	3	4	31
248	DRB1*16:05	3	3	0	0	0	0	4	3	4	0	4	3	9	33
249	DRB1*16:09	9	5	0	4	7	4	14	11	8	4	8	4	18	96
Total hits	-	725	792	856	1,095	1,118	1,296	1,442	1,472	1,719	1,814	2,487	2,620	3,490	20,926

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Supplementary materials

The supplementary tables for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1003271_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Disclaimer

The contents do not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

Author contributions

LMJ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MS: Data curation, Software, Writing—review & editing. APG: Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Funding acquisition, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, who is the Editorial Board Member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Immunology, and Lisa M. James, who is the Guest Editor of Exploration of Immunology, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Matthew Sanders declares no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All data used were retrieved from freely accessible websites and, as such, are publicly and freely available (http://tools.iedb.org/mhci/). Other datasets that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

Partial funding for this study was provided by the University of Minnesota (the American Legion Brain Sciences Chair and the Kunin Chair in Women’s Healthy Brain Aging) and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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