Exploration of Immunology

Table 4. Confront among monogenic and polygenic autoimmune diseases.

Feature	Polygenic autoimmune diseases	Monogenic autoimmune diseases	References
Genetic basis	Multiple genes (complex inheritance)	Single gene (Mendelian inheritance)	[2, 61, 65]
Age of onset	Usually later	Usually, early	[2, 64]
Prevalence	Common	Rare	[2, 61, 65]
Disease severity	Variable	Often severe, multi-organ	[2, 61, 65]
Examples	RA, SLE, T1DM, APS, MS	APS, IPEX, ALPS	[60]
Shared pathogenic mechanisms	Yes	Sometimes	[61]
Polyautoimmunity	Common	Less common	[61]

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RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; T1DM: type 1 diabetes; APS: autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome; MS: multiple sclerosis; IPEX: immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome; ALPS: autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.

Declarations

Author contributions

AC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GA: Writing—review & editing. AA: Writing—review & editing. RZ: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Giuseppina Candore, who is the Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Immunology, had no involvement in the decision-making or review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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