Exploration of Immunology

Table 3. Summary table of identified features of recombinant vaccine strains.

Characteristic	H1N1	H1-Spr	H1-PspA	H1-ScaAB
Stability of chimeric HA structure	n/a	+++	+	+++
Reproduction in chicken embryos	++++	+++	++	++++
Reproduction in MDCK cell line	++++	+++	+	++
Reproduction in mouse lungs	++++	+++	+	++
Systemic IgG to influenza virus	++++	++	++	+++
Local IgA to influenza virus	+	+++	+	++++
Systemic IgG to Psp protein	n/a	++	++++	+++
Local IgA to Psp protein	n/a	++++	+++	++
In vitro cytokine induction	+++	+	++	+++

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Symbols reflect intensity of indicators: “n/a” = not applicable; “+” = low; “++” = moderate; “+++” = notable; “++++” = high.

Declarations

Author contributions

YD: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. IM: Investigation, Writing—original draft. AR: Writing—review & editing. PK: Investigation, Formal analysis. AT: Investigation. DP: Investigation, Validation. TK: Investigation, Validation. NK: Investigation. AM: Investigation. DS: Investigation. DG: Investigation. IIS: Conceptualization, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study complies with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The work was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “IEM” (Institute of Experimental Medicine), protocol No. 1/21 dated January 28, 2021.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Funding

The work was carried out at the expense of budgetary funds of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “IEM” within the framework of the research project - FGWG-2025-0015. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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