From:  Immune evasion mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic strategies of PD-L1 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an umbrella review

 Results of the association between PD-L1, survival, and prognosis.

StudyNumber of trialsKey findingsStability and additional insights
He et al. [12]17No significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and OS. Subgroup analysis showed no significant relationship for Asian or Caucasian individuals with OSCC.Significant variability; random-effects model used.
Yang et al. [13]19No significant difference in OS between PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative HNSCC patients. No significant association with OS, DFS. Improvement in PFS observed. No significant difference in DSS.Considerable heterogeneity; random-effects model used.
Tang et al. [14]9No significant relationship between PD-L1 expression and OS or DFS in HNSCC. Better DFS noted in OPSCC patients.Subgroup analysis showed better DFS in OPSCC patients.
Lenouvel et al. [15]13No significant impact on OS, DFS, PFS, or LRFS. Significant result observed for DSS despite heterogeneity.Notable heterogeneity; significant result for DSS despite variability.
Troiano et al. [17]11No correlation between PD-L1 expression and lymph node metastases, OS, DFS, or DSS.Significant variation was found among the studies.
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Displaying the association between survival and prognosis and PD-L1 expression. PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; OS: overall survival; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; DFS: disease-free survival; PFS: progression-free survival; DSS: disease-specific survival; OPSCC: oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; LRFS: locoregional recurrence free survival.