From:  Immune evasion mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic strategies of PD-L1 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an umbrella review

 The studies that analyzed the association between gender and PD-L1 expression.

StudyGender showing higher % positivityKey findings
He et al. [12]FemalesHigher PD-L1 expression in females (52.4%) compared to males (44.9%).
Tang et al. [14]FemalesOR = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41–0.77). Greater probability of enhanced PD-L1 expression in female OSCC patients.
Lenouvel et al. [15]FemalesOR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53–0.91, p = 0.008). Females are more likely to have higher PD-L1 overexpression.
Troiano et al. [17]FemalesOR = 0.5 (95% CI: 0.36–0.69, p < 0.0001). Female patients are twice as likely to exhibit high PD-L1 expression as males.
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Displaying the association between gender and PD-L1 expression. PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma.