Exploration of Immunology

Table 6. Key milestone in TIL immunotherapy development.

Cancer type	Trial name/ID	Therapy used	Status	Key findings
Metastatic melanoma	NCT02360579 (Lifileucel)	TIL + IL-2	Completed	Objective response rate (ORR) ~31.4%, complete response (CR) ~5.9%, partial response (PR) ~25.5%; median duration of response (DOR) ~36.5 months, median overall survival (OS) ~13.9 months, 5 years OS ~19.7%
HPV related cancer	NCT03108495	TIL	Terminated	Demonstrated CRs in 2/9 patients (in one cohort)
Non-small cell lung cancer	NCT04614103	Neo-TILs	Recruiting	The ORR was 21.4% (n = 28) with one CR and five PRs
Triple-negative breast cancer	NCT04111510	Neoantigen-TILs	Completed	Higher density of sTILs (a marker for TILs) was associated with a higher pathological CR (pCR) rate and better OS
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer	NCT01174121	Autologous TILs	Recruiting	Showed objective responses in 23.5% of patients with treatment-refractory metastatic GI cancers
Cervical cancer	NCT01585428	TIL + IL-2	Completed	Objective tumor responses occurred in 5/18 (28%) patients
Ovarian cancer	NCT03287674	TIL + nivolumab	Completed	Safety demonstrated; increased TIL persistence
Refractory ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	NCT03610490	TIL + IL-2	Terminated	Disease control rate (DCR) of 62.5% (10 out of 16 patients)

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TIL: tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We thank Saveetha University and our respective guides and co-guides for their continued support and feedback during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author contributions

CK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Visualization, Writing—original draft. RV: Methodology, Writing—review & editing. AS: Writing—review & editing. VVP: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All the data discussed is publicly available from cited repositories, such as GEO and TCGA.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial entity, or not-for-profit organization. The authors declare that they did not receive any financial support for the preparation of this article.

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