Comparison of cytokines levels, TNF-α/TGF-β, and NLR between RPL and non-RPL group
S. No.
Parameters (pg/mL)
Median (25th–75th percentile)
P value
Non-RPL (n = 200)
95% CI
RPL (n = 200)
95 % CI
1.
TNF-α
140.3 (115.8–169.0)
133.9–149.1
287.0 (238.5–336.4)
279.6–297.0
***
2.
TGF-β
917.3 (698.1–1,048.0)
874.2–945.4
356.9 (169.1–511.4)
311.9–396.5
***
3.
TNF-α/TGF-β
0.1596 (0.124–0.205)
0.150–0.1713
0.824 (0.538–1.594)
0.697–0.9703
***
4.
NLR
2.945 (2.233–3.565)
2.80–3.13
3.26 (2.57–3.928)
3.04–3.41
0.0007
Mann-Whitney U test was performed for the above-mentioned parameters in the table. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CI: confidence interval; ***: P < 0.0001
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the blood donors who have helped us with this study. During the preparation of this work, authors used the Quillbot for improving the readability and fluency of the language. After using the Quillbot, authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
Author contributions
RB: Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing—original draft, Data curation, Formal analysis. SJ: Data curation, Formal analysis. FR: Writing—review & editing. RB: Methodology, Resources. PJ: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Prior to submission, the work was reviewed and approved by all authors.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee from Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana-500028, India (Ethical approval reference no: Reg No: ECR/300/Inst/AP/2013/RR-16).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
Funding
This research was funded by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR ID no. [2019-1022]), New Delhi, India. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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