Exploration of Immunology

Table 1. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients included in the study

Parameter	Patients with PAPS, n = 52
Average age, median [25; 75 percentiles], years	38.5 [31.5; 43.5]
Duration of the disease, median [25; 75 percentiles], years	9.0 [3.1; 13.0]
History of thrombosis, n (%)
Arterial	19 (37)
Venous	23 (44)
Arterial + venous	10 (19)
Recurrent thrombosis, n (%)	34 (65)
Obstetric pathology*, n (%)/n	18 (95)/19
IgG аCL, n (%)
by ELISA	40 (77)
by CLA	44 (85)
IgM аCL, n (%)
by ELISA	11 (21)
by CLA	19 (36)
IgG anti-β₂-GPI, n (%)
by ELISA	38 (73)
by CLA	41 (80)/51
IgМ anti-β₂-GPI, n (%)
by ELISA	12 (23)
by CLA	19 (36)
LA**, n (%)/n	6 (75)/8
IgA aCL by CLA, n (%)/N	26 (53)/49
IgA anti-β₂-GPI by CLA, n (%)/N	26 (53)/49
IgG anti-β₂-GPIDI by CLA, n (%)/N	37 (77)/48
AH, n (%)	22 (42)
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%)/n	1 (2)/46
Active smoking, n (%)	5 (10)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%)	1 (2)
Obesity, n (%)	15 (29)
Peri-operative, n (%)	0 (0)
Hormonal contraception, n (%)	0 (0)
Factor G20210A prothrombin (FII) mutation, n (%)/n	2 (6)/32
Factor V Leiden (FVL), n (%)	0 (0)/32
Therapy***, n (%)
DOACs	28 (54)
Warfarin	12 (23)
LMWH	4 (8)
Without anticoagulant therapy	8 (15)****
Low dose aspirin	18 (35)*****
Hydroxychloroquine	34 (65)

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*: obstetric pathology was calculated in women who had pregnancy in their disease course, in the numerator—“n” and “%” of women with obstetric pathology, in the denominator—“n” of women who had pregnancy in their disease course; numerator is the “n” and “%” of patients with positive aPLs, and denominator is the “n” of patients who had aPLs determination; **: LA study was performed in patients who have not taken anticoagulant therapy; ***: therapy at the time of inclusion in the study; ****: patients were diagnosed with APS for the first time, so they did not receive anticoagulant therapy before being included in the study; *****: five patients received aspirin in combination with anticoagulants, 13 patients received aspirin without anticoagulants. AH: arterial hypertension; CLA: chemiluminescent assay; DOACs: direct oral anticoagulants; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay; LMWH: low-molecular-weight heparin; median [25; 75 percentiles]: median with interquartile range; n: number of patients

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The study conducted within the framework of fundamental research project FURS-2022-003 [1021051402790].

Author contributions

FAC: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration. AAS: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration. MVC and SIG: Validation. AML: Project administration. ELN: Project administration, Supervision. TMR: Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by Ethics Committee of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology (Protocol No. 25 dated December 19, 2019).

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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