Independent samples t-test; data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. BMI: body mass index; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Gasim Badri, President of Ahfad University for Women, and Dr. Hanan Babiker Eltahir for their generous assistance and support in acquiring the study reagents and materials. Additionally, we extend our thanks to the staff at the Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Centre in Khartoum, Sudan, and the team at the Molecular and Parasitology Laboratory within the Institute of Endemic Diseases at the University of Khartoum.
Author contributions
HBE: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Formal analysis, Visualization. EMA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation. AM: Writing—review & editing. AOM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Ethical Research Committee of the Board of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum State, Sudan (December 4th, 2013), and was carried out in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed written consent was obtained from all subjects before participating in the study.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Funding
This study was supported by Ahfad University for Women and partially funded by the Ministry of Higher Education. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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