Exploration of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Table 2. Intensive lifestyle intervention recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus remission.

Recommendation	Level of Evidence	Recommendation Grade
Implementing diabetes remission requires an interdisciplinary team that includes physicians, dietitians	2a	B
Reasonable weight loss measures are the basis for diabetes remission	1	A
A phased very low-energy diet can help patients achieve rapid remission	1	A
Energy-restricted diets, low-carb diets, and high-protein diets can help reduce weight and induce T2DM remission	2a	B
The treatment process can be supplemented with glycemic control foods, semi-meal substitutes, etc., to enhance satiety, slow down the absorption of carbohydrates, and play a supplementary role in glycemic control	2a	B

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Declarations

Acknowledgments

Endocrinology and Metabolism Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association

Lead writing Experts:

Dajin Zou, Zheng Zhang, Zhiguang Zhou

Expert committee members (in alphabetical order by last name):

Xiaosu Bai (Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8303-0986).

Yue Chen (Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-9516).

Zhengnan Gao (Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-8758).

Xiaohui Guo (Department of Enducruinology, The First Hospital of Peking University, 100034, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-0995).

Shan Huang (Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-953X).

Linong Ji (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-2168).

Lijing Jia (Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8985-7759).

Hui Jin (Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-2633).

Li Li (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-3544).

Ling Li (Department of Endocrinology, No.971. Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, 266000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0603-9219).

Lianyong Liu (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200125, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-7306).

Shen Qu (Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0811-7070).

Yadong Sun (Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University Jingyue Campus, Changchun, 130021, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1415-0110).

Zilin Sun (Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-1429).

Tao Tao (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9352).

Haoming Tian (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-4733).

Jianqing Tian (Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, 361001, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-5471).

Wei Tang (Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210024, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-4587).

Yangang Wang (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-420X).

Yufan Wang (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9614-3986).

Hong Wu (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200125, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8031-9271).

Yaoming Xue (Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-4780).

Lihui Zhang (Department of Endocrinology, The second hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-6724).

Zheng Zhang (Department of Endocrinology, Renhe Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200431, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5904-4343).

Zhiguang Zhou (National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-1838).

Jingxin Zhu (Department of General Practice, Qingcun Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201414, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8551-9131).

Dajin Zou (Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4766-4655).

Author contributions

ZD: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision. Zheng Z: Project administration, Writing—original draft. Zhiguang Z: Funding acquisition, Supervision. XB: Data curation, Resources. YC: Investigation, Methodology. ZG: Resources, Validation. XG: Investigation, Formal analysis. SH: Data curation, Formal analysis. L Ji: Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. L Jia: Data curation, Methodology, Resources. HJ: Data curation, Validation. Li L: Project administration, Writing—review & editing. Ling L: Investigation, Validation. Lianyong L: Resources, Writing—review & editing. SQ: Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. YS: Investigation, Data curation. ZS: Validation, Writing—review & editing. TT: Writing—review & editing. HT: Investigation, Validation. JT: Data curation, Software. WT: Software, Resources. Yangang W: Formal analysis. Yufan W: Methodology, Writing—review & editing. HW: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. YX: Resources, Visualization. LZ: Data curation, Formal analysis. JZ: Formal analysis, Software. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. No commercial funding was received for the development of this consensus.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

New Quality Clinical Specialties of High-end Medical Disciplinary Construction in Pudong New Area [2024-PWXZ-09]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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