Exploration of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Table 4. Therapeutic strategies and cardiovascular outcomes.

Disorder	Primary treatment	Adjunctive therapy	Cardiac effects after treatment	Reversibility	Ref. No.
Primary aldosteronism	Adrenalectomy (unilateral)/MRA therapy (bilateral)	MRA therapy	↓ LV mass, ↓ AF incidence	Partial to near-complete	[2, 18–22]
Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma	Preoperative α/β-blockade + surgical resection	α-Blockade ± β-blockade preop	Recovery of EF, resolution of cardiomyopathy	Often marked, but residual fibrosis is possible	[23, 28, 30, 36, 37]
CS	Pre & post-operative steroidogenesis inhibitors + surgical resection of the source	Postoperative glucocorticoid replacement	Regression of LVH, partial improvement in diastolic function	Partial	[41, 45, 48–50]

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AF: atrial fibrillation; EF: ejection fraction; LV: left ventricle; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; CS: Cushing syndrome.

Declarations

Author contributions

MMŞ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. MK: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. MY: Writing—review & editing. MCÇ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. LB: Supervision, Validation. YK: Supervision, Validation. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

No financial funding was received for this study.

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