Exploration of Cardiology

Table 5. Characteristics of patients demonstrating hypertensive and normotensive exercise responses

Index	HRE (n = 70)	NRE (n = 123)	p
LAD stent history, n (%)	30 (42.9)	55 (44.7)	0.026
HR rest, b/min (M ± SD)	74 ± 14	77 ± 13	0.073
RWT (M ± SD)	0.49 ± 0.10	0.46 ± 0.10	0.070
Thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle, mm (M ± SD)	10.6 ± 1.8	10.0 ± 1.7	0.031
Predefined stress achieved, % (M ± SD)	82.5 ± 34.1	93.7 ± 36.5	0.035
Low exercise tolerance, n (%)	14 (20.0)	5 (4.1)	0.004
Medium exercise tolerance, n (%)	24 (34.3)	46 (37.4)	0.004
High exercise tolerance, n (%)	29 (41.4)	55 (44.7)	0.004
Very high exercise tolerance, n (%)	3 (4.3)	15 (12.3)	0.003
SBP stress, mmHg (M ± SD)	205 ± 23	180 ± 21	< 0.001
DBP stress, mmHg (M ± SD)	99 ± 9	93 ± 12	< 0.001
SBP response to exercise, mmHg (M ± SD)	76.9 ± 15.3	50.7 ± 18.2	< 0.001
Double product (SBP_max × HR_mах/1,000) (M ± SD)	27.3 ± 4.1	24.8 ± 4.4	< 0.001
WMSI stress (M ± SD)	1.06 ± 0.20	1.13 ± 0.26	0.050
LV force peak, mmHg/mL	8.3 ± 4.2	6.6 ± 3.1	0.006
Normal force rest, n (%)	26 (37.1)	23 (18.7)	0.001
Subnormal force peak, n (%)	10 (14.3)	38 (30.9)	0.024
Supernormal force peak, n (%)	48 (68.6)	74 (60.2)	0.059
Hypercontractile phenotype peak, n (%)	27 (38.6)	34 (27.6)	0.034
Contractile reserve (M ± SD)	1.8 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.5	0.002
V_LAD rest, cm/s (M ± SD)	27.2 ± 8.4	23.7 ± 7.0	0.009
V_LAD stress, cm/s (M ± SD)	48.9 ± 16.4	42.6 ± 13.0	0.008

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DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; HRE: hypertensive response to exercise; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LV: left ventricular; NRE: normotonic response to exercise; RWT: relative wall thickness; SBP: systolic blood pressure; V_LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery velocity; WMSI: wall motion score index

Declarations

Author contributions

TMT: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AFS: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. ZDK: Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study “Blood pressure response: impact on the results of ABCDE-stress echocardiography in patients with known and suspected coronary artery disease” was approved by the Ethics Committee of the RUDN Medical Institute (protocol number 29 from 06/20/2024) and the Lazio Ethical Committee 1 as part of the SE-2030 project (protocol No. 295 dated March 8, 2021) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 version).

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data will not be shared because it contains personal data and the privacy of the individual will be violated. For further discussion regarding this study, please contact the corresponding author.

Funding

Not applicable.

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