Exploration of Cardiology

Table 1. Demographics and comorbid conditions by IE case status

Characteristic	N	Cases (N = 148)	Controls (N = 431)	P-value
Time of echo	579	2015.9 (2011.7–2018.3)	2015.9 (2011.6–2018.4)	0.837¹
Male gender	579	84 (56.8%)	245 (56.8%)	0.985²
Age at time of echo	579	63.7 (53.7–74.5)	63.8 (53.6–74.6)	0.905¹
Race: white	572	135 (91.8%)	392 (92.2%)	0.877²
Chronic kidney disease	579	69 (46.6%)	121 (28.1%)	< 0.001²
Hemodialysis	579	14 (9.5%)	1 (0.2%)	< 0.001²
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	579	2 (1.4%)	3 (0.7%)	0.457²
Myocardial infarction	579	27 (18.2%)	88 (20.4%)	0.567²
Hypertension	579	88 (59.5%)	238 (55.2%)	0.370²
Heart failure	579	51 (34.5%)	139 (32.3%)	0.621²
Cerebral stroke	579	3 (2.0%)	13 (3.0%)	0.526²
Diabetes mellitus	579	69 (46.6%)	131 (30.4%)	< 0.001²
Charlson index	579	3 (0–6)	2 (0–6)	0.421¹
Charlson index levels	579	-	-	0.819¹
0	-	43 (29.1%)	129 (29.9%)	-
1	-	7 (4.7%)	21 (4.9%)	-
2	-	19 (12.8%)	56 (13.0%)	-
3	-	17 (11.5%)	47 (10.9%)	-
4–6	-	26 (17.6%)	75 (17.4%)	-
7–10	-	23 (15.5%)	68 (15.8%)	-
> 10	-	13 (8.8%)	35 (8.1%)	-

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Values represent the median (quartile 1 to quartile 3) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. N is the number of non-missing values. P values are calculated by 1 Wilcoxon rank sum, or 2 Pearson χ². -: no data. IE: infective endocarditis; echo: echocardiography

Supplementary materials

The supplementary material for this article is available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/101234_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors are extremely grateful for the philanthropic support provided by a gift from Eva and Gene Lane (Baddour LM), which was paramount in our work to advance the science of cardiovascular infections and has been an ongoing focus of investigation at Mayo Clinic for over 60 years.

Author contributions

JAQM: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JRH: Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. HRV: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. BDL: Software, Formal analysis, Validation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MJD, MHT, JCO, HIM, NSA, PS, and DCD: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. LMB: Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Larry M. Baddour, M.D. reports over the past 12 months UpToDate, royalty payments (authorship duties). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board, the reference number is 20-011665.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data underlying this article cannot be shared publicly because the privacy of the individuals who participated in the study must be maintained and the data underlying this article were provided by the Mayo Clinic under license and permission. The data will be shared with a reasonable request to the corresponding author (Juan A. Quintero-Martinez) with the permission of the Mayo Clinic.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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