Table Info

Table 1.

Effects of MP in PD (human model)

S.No.	First citation	Year of publication	Country	Targeted disease	Design of the study	Number of participants and age group	Duration of follow-up	Dose	Adverse event	Major finding
1	Cilia et al. [19]	2018	Bolivia	PD	Randomized order and crossover design	14 < 21 years	16 weeks	18.7 mg/kg/day	Gastrointestinal side-effects	Clinical response to MP was similar to LD/CD
2	Cilia et al. [20]	2017	Bolivia	PD	Double-blind, randomized, controlled, and crossover	18, (13 male, 5 female) < 21 years	16 weeks	1. MP-Hd: 17.5 mg/kg 2. MP-Ld: 12.5 mg/kg 3. MP + DDCI: 3.5 mg/kg	Fewer dyskinesias	MP-Hd induced greater motor improvement
3	Contin et al. [21]	2015	Italy	PD	Not specified	1	One day	100 mg LD from Mucuna capsules in 2 different sessions	Impaired LD bioavailability from MP	No significant subacute LD motor response was observed
4	Katzenschlager et al. [22]	2004	UK	PD	Randomized, controlled, and double blind crossover trial	9 (5 women and 4 men)	4 hours	15 g/day (500 mg of LD) and 30 g/day (1,000 mg of LD)	Gastrointestinal side-effects, mild and short lasting nausea	Natural sources of LD might possess advantages over conventional LD preparations in the long term management of PD
5	HP-200 in Parkinson’s Disease Study Group [23]	1995	Not specified (multicenter clinical trial)	PD	Open study	60 (46 male and 14 female) < 59 ± 9 years	12-week treatment	7.5 g/day	Mild gastrointestinal in nature	Found to be an effective treatment for patients with PD

CD: carbidopa; DDCI: dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor; Hd: high dose; LD: leva-dopa; Ld: low dose; MP: Mucuna pruriens; PD: Parkinson’s disease

Declarations

Author contributions

RV: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. VM and PSB: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

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Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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