Table Info

Table 2.

Literature on the association between nutrients and dietary patterns on female fertility

Nutrient	Species	Studies	Dose and duration	Conclusion	Reference
Dietary pattern
Mediterranean diet	Human	Cohort study	3 years	The Mediterranean diet was linked with 2.7 times higher achieving of clinical pregnancy and live birth.	[88]
		Case-cohort study	9 months	The study showed that adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet may enhance women’s fertility.	[86]
		Case-cohort study	-	The Mediterranean diet and lifestyle improved fertility.	[89]
Seafood	Human	Prospective cohort study	≤ 1 year or until pregnancy	Seafood intake was linked with a higher sexual intercourse frequency and fecundity.	[90]
Protein
Dairy food	Human	Prospective cohort study	2005–2007	The result of the study showed that there was a link between increased dairy foods and decreased estradiol concentration, and the yogurt and cream intake with the risk of sporadic anovulation.	[91]
Protein type and amount	Human	Prospective cohort study	2004–2007	The result showed that the higher dairy protein intake of more than 5.24% of energy was linked with lower antral follicle counts and accounts for infertility treatment in women.	[92]
Dietary fats
TFA and omega-3 fatty acid	Human	Cohort study	2011–2013	The result showed that higher intake of TFA and low omega-3 fatty acid intake were linked with reduced fecundity.	[93]
Carbohydrate
Whole grain	Human	Prospective cohort study	2007–2014	The result showed the higher intake of whole grain in the pre-treatment group was associated with a higher probability of live birth among IVF women.	[94]
Antioxidants
Antioxidant’s supplementation	Human	Randomized controlled trials	-	The result showed low to very low evidence that intake of antioxidants may benefit sub-fertile women but also showed no risk of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancies, and multiple births.	[95]
Vitamin C and β-carotene		Observational	-	The couple’s intake of vitamin C and β-carotene was positively linked to fertilization rate but did not translate into higher pregnancy.	[74]
Folic acid		Prospective cohort study	2007–2011	Folic acid supplementation was linked with increased fecundability.	[96]

-: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

LS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. DS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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