Table Info

Table 3.

List of the phytochemicals found in the C. cauliflora plant which have known functional properties

Parts of the tree	Extracted compound(s)	Category of bioactive compounds	Function	Reference
Leaves	K-3-Rh (C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀)	Flavonoids	Active lipase inhibitor	[41]
Leaves	Procyanidin tetramer Catechin Procyanidin trimer Taxifolin pentoside Vitexin Isovitexin Kaempferol hexoside Quercetin pentoside Quercetin hexoside Kaempferol coumaroyl-hexoside Quercetin hexoside Isorhamnetin hexoside Apigenin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-glucoside Procyanidin hexamer	Flavonoids	Antioxidant activity AChE inhibitory activity Tyrosinase inhibitory activity α-glucosidase inhibitory activity	[1]
Leaves	Taxifolin 3-O-arabinofuranoside Apigenin 8-C-glucoside (vitexin) Apigenin 6-C-glucoside (isovitexin) Acacetin 7-O-β-glucoside	Flavonoids	Antioxidant activity AChE inhibitory activity Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity α-glucosidase inhibition activities	[2]
Leaves	Vitexin (apigenin 8-C-glucoside)	Apigenin flavone glucoside	-	[11]
Leaves	Phytol (C₂₀H₄₀O) Vitamin E (C₂₉H₅₀O₂) β-Sitosterol (C₂₉H₅₀O)	Phenol	-	[11]
Leaves	Amorphigenin Capensine Epigallocathecin gallate Isorhamnetin Nobiletin Xanthotoxin	Flavonoids	-	[42]
Leaves	Apigenin Cyanidin Fraxetin Malvidin Naringenin Oenin	Flavonoids	α-glucosidase inhibition activities	[42]
Leaves	α-Thujene α-Pinene Ethyl 2-methyl pentanoate (E)-2-Methyl-3-octene-5-yne β-Pinene Myrcene δ-3-Carene α-Terpinene p-Cymene Limonene (Z)-β-Ocimene γ-Terpinene Terpinolene Linalool α-Terpineol neo-Dihydrocarveol 6-Camphenol acetate cis-Carvone oxide trans-Dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate p-Vinyl guaiacol Verbanol acetate Aromadendrene α-Himachalene β-Chamigrene α-Bulnesene trans-Cadina-1,4-diene Monoterpenes Oxygenated monoterpenes Sesquiterpenes Non-terpene derivatives	Essential oil (EO)	-	[6]
Fruits	K-3-Rh (C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀)	Flavonoids	Active lipase inhibitor	[41]
Fruits	Limonene cis-Thujone trans-Pulegol β-Cubebene β-Elemene α-Guaiene cis-β-Farnesene Prezizaene 9-epi-(E)-Caryophyllene Sesquisabinene Ishwarane β-Chamigrene Germacrene D α-Muurolene β-Bisabolene α-Bulnesene γ-Cadinene Cubebol (E)-γ-Bisabolene γ-Cuprenene trans-Cadina-1,4-diene Selina-3,7(11)-diene Elemol β-Calacorene Longipinanol Globulol Longiborneol trans-β-Elemenone 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol Eremoligenol γ-Eudesmol α-Acorenol Hinesol α-Muurolol Agarospirol Valerianol Allohimachalol epi-β-Bisabolol Occidenol Longiborneol acetate 11-αH-Himachal-4-en-1-β-ol Nootkatol Cryptomerione Curcumenol (2E,6E)-Farnesol (E)-Nuciferol (Z)-Lanceol α-Chenopodiol Occidol acetate Linoleic acid Monoterpenes Oxygenated monoterpenes Sesquiterpenes Oxygenated sesquiterpenes Non-terpene derivatives	EO	-	[6]
Twigs	Apigenin Luteolin	Flavonoids	N/A	[43]
Twigs	(Z)-β-Ocimene Santolina alcohol Dihydromyrcenol Linalool trans-Sabinene hydrate cis-Verbenol Octanoic acid cis-4-Caranone Fragranol Geraniol (E)-cis-Jasmonol Decanoic acid Dodecanoic acid Squamulosone α-Eudesmol acetate Occidol acetate Linoleic acid Monoterpenes Oxygenated monoterpenes Oxygenated sesquiterpenes Non-terpene derivatives	EO	-	[6]
Heartwood	Apigenin (4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone)	Flavone	Antioxidant activity	[12]

-: no data; N/A: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

JI, HKSdZ, NY, and TCB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. VYW: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Data from the present manuscript will be made available upon reasonable request.

Funding

This research was funded by the Research for Oracle Program of University of Rajarata, Sri Lanka. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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