Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 2. Health benefits of chamomile extract.

Health benefit	Effect/Mechanism	Active compounds	Potential application	Ref.
Antioxidant activity	Neutralizes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress via phenolic and flavonoid compounds	Apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, phenolic acids	Functional beverages, nutraceuticals, and anti-aging products	[23]
Anti-inflammatory effects	Suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and reduces inflammation in tissues	Chamazulene, apigenin, bisabolol	Herbal supplements, topical formulations	[24]
Cancer-preventive potential	Exhibits anti-inflammatory and multiple anticancer activities through inhibition of cytokines and modulation of cellular pathways	Apigenin, flavonoids, terpenoids	Adjunct nutraceuticals for cancer prevention research	[25]
Oral mucositis management	Topical application reduces the severity of mucosal inflammation and supports healing in clinical settings	Bisabolol, chamazulene, flavonoids	Mouthwash, oral gel formulations	[26]
Glycemic control and metabolic improvement	Improves glycemic control, reduces oxidative stress, and improves lipid profile in diabetic conditions	Polyphenols, flavonoids	Functional tea, dietary supplements for metabolic health	[27]
Digestive support	Traditionally used to alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort and soothe digestive tract conditions	Essential oils, flavonoids	Herbal tea, digestive formulations	[16]
Antimicrobial properties	Exhibits activity against various microbial pathogens, contributing to infection control	Essential oils, α-bisabolol, flavonoids	Natural preservative, oral care, topical products	[23]
Anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects	May modulate neural responses and support mood regulation, stress, and anxiety	Apigenin, flavonoids	Functional drinks, sleep and stress supplements	[16]

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Acknowledgments

During the preparation of this work, the authors used the Quillbolt and perplexity AI to improve the language and readability of the paper, used Canva AI to generate Figure 1, and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Author contributions

SS: Resources, Writing—original draft. CR: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. WW: Supervision, Investigation. ZW: Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

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Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work is supported by Bina Nusantara University as a part of Bina Nusantara University’s BINUS Research for Early Career Researchers entitled Optimization of using Strip Test by Detection of Food Residue (Physicochemical, Toxicity, and Properties) with contract number: 080/VRRTT/IV/2025. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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