Exploration of Asthma & Allergy

From: Evidence-based answers to clinical controversies in the management of severe asthma

Table 3. New biomarkers for SA

Biomarker	Description	Clinical relevance
YKL-40	A chitinase-like protein elevated in SA	Associated with airway remodeling and inflammation
Osteopontin (OPN)	A matricellular protein linked to eosinophilic airway inflammation and remodeling	Higher levels of late-onset asthma compared to early-onset asthma
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA)	An endocannabinoid with immunomodulatory effects	Induces IL-33 secretion, promoting T2 airway inflammation
MicroRNAs (miRNAs)	Small non-coding RNA molecules, regulates gene expression	Potential biomarkers for SA based on their expression in exosomes
IL-18	A cytokine involved in the immune response	Lower baseline levels may predict a favourable response to dupilumab
LPG 18:0	A glycerophospholipid	Elevated levels in asthmatics, impairs Treg function
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)	An enzyme found in neutrophils	Higher levels of SA, correlated with inflammation
S100A9	A protein associated with neutrophil activation	Higher levels in neutrophilic asthma, correlated with sputum neutrophil counts
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4)	A protein expressed in neutrophils	Potential biomarker for neutrophilic asthma

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IL-33: interleukin-33; LPG: lysophosphatidylglycerol; S100A9: S100 calcium-binding protein A9; SA: severe asthma; T2: type 2; Treg: regulatory T cell

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Author contributions

DEQ and MM have contributed equally to: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Conceptualization.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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