Table Info

Table 1.

Data extraction

Author(s)	Year	Title	Study design	Focus	Sample (n)	Main results
Hasler et al. [17]	2005	Asthma and panic in young adults: a 20-year prospective community study	Prospective community study	Shed light on the dynamic interaction between asthma and panic, and uncover potential mechanisms underlying their comorbidity	591	Asthma predicted panic, whereas panic did not predict subsequent asthma activity. Smoking, early childhood anxiety, and a family history of allergies were important confounders of the asthma-panic association
Ross et al. [18]	2005	Cognitive-behavioral treatment combined with asthma education for adults with asthma and coexisting panic disorder	Randomized controlled trial (RCT)	Tested the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment combined with an asthma education (AE) program for adults with asthma suffering from coexisting PD	48	CBT-AE program is capable of producing substantial and durable anti-panic and antianxiety treatment effects and led to substantial but non-sustained improvement in morning peak-flow expiratory rate and asthma-related quality of life
Lehrer et al. [19]	2008	Psychological treatment of comorbid asthma and panic disorder: a pilot study	Pilot study	Evaluate two protocols for treating adults with comorbid asthma and PD, which include elements of Barlow’s panic control therapy and several AE programs	10	Significant decreases in panic symptoms, clinically significant decreases in asthma symptoms, improvement in asthma quality of life, and maintenance of clinical stability in asthma. Albuterol use decreased significantly in the 14-session protocol and at a borderline level in the 8-session protocol, while the pulmonary function was maintained
Parry et al. [20]	2012	Cognitive behavioural intervention for adults with anxiety complications of asthma: prospective randomised trial	Prospective randomized trial	Verify if there is a reduction in asthma-specific fear after the cognitive-behavioral intervention compared with routine treatment	94	Significantly greater reduction in asthma-specific fear for people in the CBT group compared with controls. At 6 months after treatment the reduction in asthma-specific fear in the CBT group was increased and the difference between the treatment and control group was statistically significant
Bonnert et al. [21]	2021	Targeting excessive avoidance behavior to reduce anxiety related to asthma: a feasibility study of an exposure-based treatment delivered online	A feasibility study of an exposure-based treatment delivered online	Assess the feasibility and potential efficacy of the online CBT	30	CBT for avoidance behavior is a viable treatment for anxiety-related to asthma. CBT targeting avoidance behavior is effective in reducing catastrophizing about asthma (CAS). Additionally, all secondary outcomes, such as asthma control, avoidance behavior, fear of asthma symptoms, and quality of life, improve significantly with moderate to large effect sizes
Freire et al. [22]	2013	The panic disorder respiratory ratio: a dimensional approach to the respiratory subtype	Observational study	Determine whether the respiratory ratio is correlated with CO₂-induced PAs and other clinical and demographic features	91	The respiratory ratio is correlated with CO₂ sensitivity and there is a non-statistically significant trend toward a correlation with a family history of PD

Declarations

Author contributions

GCP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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