Exploration of Asthma & Allergy

Table 2. Percentage of patients with severe asthma sensitized according to protein families

Protein family	STO (n = 47)	VAL (n = 29)	P
Component	STO (n = 47)	VAL (n = 29)	P
LTPs
nPru p 3	6.4	27.6	0.02
rPar j 2	2.1	27.6	0.002
nArt v 3	8.5	17.2	0.29
rCor a 8	2.1	10.3	0.15
Tropomyosins
nPen m 1	4.3	41.4	< 0.001
rDer p 10	6.4	41.4	< 0.001
nBla g 7	4.3	41.4	< 0.001
rAni s 3	4.3	41.4	< 0.001
Prophyllines
rBet v 2	10.0	3.5	0.40
rPhl p 12	8.5	3.5	0.64
rHev b 8	10.6	3.5	0.40
CCDs
nCup a 1	10.6	44.8	0.002
nCry j 1	4.3	31.0	0.002
nPla a 2	8.5	34.5	0.007
nPhl p 4	38.3	34.5	0.81
Uteroglobin
rFel d 1	72.3	37.9	0.004
Lipocalins
rFel d 4	29.8	20.7	0.43
rCan f 1	25.6	48.3	0.05
rCan f 2	17	13.8	1
Serum albumins
nFel d 2	2.1	20.7	0.01
nCan f 3	6.4	6.9	1
nEqu c 3	4.3	10.3	0.36
Storage proteins
rAna o 2	4.3	0	0.52
nAra h 1	38.3	6.9	0.003
nAra h 2	27.7	6.9	0.04
nAra h 3	25.5	6.9	0.01
rBer e 1	4.3	0	0.52
nCor a 9	14.9	10.3	0.73
nGly m 5	10.6	3.5	0.40
nGly m 6	17	6.9	0.14
nSes i 1	8.5	0	0.29
PR-10 proteins
rBet v 1	57.5	3.5	< 0.001
Pru p 1	44.7	3.5	< 0.001
rGly m 4	19.2	3.5	0.08
rAra h 8	23.4	0	0.005
rApi g 1	12.8	0	0.08
rCor a 1.0101	36.2	0	< 0.001
rCor a 1.0401	44.7	3.5	< 0.001
rMal d 1	33.3	3.5	< 0.001
Cysteine protease
nAct d 1	14.9	10.3	0.73
Thaumatin-like
nAct d 2	8.5	31.0	0.025
Kiwellin
nAct d 5	2.1	0	1
Alt a 1-related
rAlt a 1	14.9	37.9	0.028
Enolase
rAlt a 6	8.5	31.0	0.025

Return to article view

nArt v 3: Artemisia vulgaris allergen 3; nCry j 1: Cryptomeria japonica allergen 1; nEqu c 3: Equus caballus allergen 3; nSes i 1: Sesamum indicum allergen 1; rAna o 2: Anacardium occidentale allergen 2; rBer e 1: Bertholletia excelsa allergen 1; rHev b 8: Hevea brasiliensis allergen 8

Supplementary materials

The supplementary material for this article is available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/100919_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We gratefully thank the collaboration of ThermoFisher Scientific. This work was also supported by the Freemason Child House Foundation in Stockholm, the Consul Th. C. Bergh’s Foundation, the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association’s Research Foundation, the Centre for Allergy Research at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Heart‐Lung Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, Region Stockholm (ALF-project), and the Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation.

Author contributions

JMG: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JRK: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. GH: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. MvH: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. ANG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. MNC and SU: Data Curation, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. AM: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Supervision, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

Dr. van Hage reports personal fees from Thermo Fisher Scientific outside the submitted work. Dr. Konradsen has received research support from Thermo Fisher Scientific outside the submitted work.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee from Hospital La Fe-Comité de Ética de la Investigación con medicamentos (Registry number 2020-005-1) and sheltered by the regional board of ethics at Karolinska Institutet (Registry number Dnr 2006/1324-31/1 and 2008/378) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

The informed consent to participate was waived by the Ethics Committee from Hospital La Fe-Comité de Ética de la Investigación con medicamentos since the data collected for the study was retrospective.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article or its Supplementary materials. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author (jaume.marti.garrido@gmail.com).

Funding

This project has been granted awards from Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (SEAIC), Asociación Valenciana de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica (AVAIC) and Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Valencia (COMV). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

References

Settipane RA, Kreindler JL, Chung Y, Tkacz J. Evaluating direct costs and productivity losses of patients with asthma receiving GINA 4/5 therapy in the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;123:564–72.E3. [DOI] [PubMed]

Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al.; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–43. Erratum in: Lancet. 2007;370:1128. [DOI] [PubMed]

Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J. 1995;8:483–91. [DOI] [PubMed]

Beasley R. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet. 1998;351:1225–32. [DOI] [PubMed]

ISAAC Steering Committee. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Eur Respir J. 1998;12:315–35. [DOI] [PubMed]

Keshavarz B, Platts-Mills TAE, Wilson JM. The use of microarray and other multiplex technologies in the diagnosis of allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127:10–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

García BE, Martínez-Aranguren R, Bernard Alonso A, Gamboa P, Feo Brito F, Bartra J, et al. Is the ISAC 112 microarray useful in the diagnosis of pollinosis in Spain? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26:92–9. [DOI] [PubMed]

Sylvestre L, Jégu J, Metz-Favre C, Barnig C, Qi S, de Blay F. Component-based allergen-microarray: Der p 2 and Der f 2 dust mite sensitization is more common in patients with severe asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26:141–3. [DOI] [PubMed]

Konradsen JR, Nordlund B, Onell A, Borres MP, Grönlund H, Hedlin G. Severe childhood asthma and allergy to furry animals: refined assessment using molecular-based allergy diagnostics. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25:187–92. [DOI] [PubMed]

10.

Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2022 [Internet]. Fontana: Global Initiative for Asthma; [cited 2022 Jul 13]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GINA-Main-Report-2022-WMSA.pdf

11.

Deinhofer K, Sevcik H, Balic N, Harwanegg C, Hiller R, Rumpold H, et al. Microarrayed allergens for IgE profiling. Methods. 2004;32:249–54. [DOI] [PubMed]

12.

Huang HJ, Campana R, Akinfenwa O, Curin M, Sarzsinszky E, Karsonova A, et al. Microarray-based allergy diagnosis: quo vadis? Front Immunol. 2021;11:594978. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

13.

Nordlund B, Konradsen JR, Kull I, Borres MP, Önell A, Hedlin G, et al. IgE antibodies to animal-derived lipocalin, kallikrein and secretoglobin are markers of bronchial inflammation in severe childhood asthma. Allergy. 2012;67:661–9. [DOI] [PubMed]

14.

Sterner T, Uldahl A, Svensson Å, Borres MP, Sjölander S, Tunsäter A, et al. IgE sensitization in a cohort of adolescents in southern Sweden and its relation to allergic symptoms. Clin Mol Allergy. 2019;17:6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

15.

Pet ownership in selected countries in Europe in 2016 [Internet]. New York: Statista; [cited 2016 May 14]. Available from: www.statista.com/statistics/643753/pet-own

16.

Karlsson AS, Renström A, Hedrén M, Larsson K. Allergen avoidance does not alter airborne cat allergen levels in classrooms. Allergy. 2004;59:661–7. [DOI] [PubMed]

17.

Käck U, Asarnoj A, Grönlund H, Borres MP, van Hage M, Lilja G, et al. Molecular allergy diagnostics refine characterization of children sensitized to dog dander. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142:1113–20.E9. [DOI] [PubMed]

18.

Tsolakis N, Malinovschi A, Nordvall L, Mattsson L, Lidholm J, Pedroletti C, et al. Sensitization to minor cat allergen components is associated with type-2 biomarkers in young asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48:1186–94. [DOI] [PubMed]

19.

Haverinen-Shaughnessy U. Prevalence of dampness and mold in European housing stock. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012;22:461–7. Erratum in: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012;22:654. [DOI] [PubMed]

20.

Gómez-Casado C, Murua-García A, Garrido-Arandia M, González-Melendi P, Sánchez-Monge R, Barber D, et al. Alt a 1 from Alternaria interacts with PR5 thaumatin-like proteins. FEBS Lett. 2014;588:1501–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

21.

Zeldin Y, Kidon MI, Magen E, Bibi H, Cohen A, Waisel Y, et al. Impact of specific allergen sensitization on the prevalence of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis from adjacent distinct geographic areas. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101:30–4. [DOI] [PubMed]

22.

Garcia-Marcos L, Garcia-Hernández G, Morales Suarez-Varela M, Batlles Garrido J, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Asthma attributable to atopy: does it depend on the allergen supply? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18:181–7. Erratum in: Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18:368. [DOI] [PubMed]

23.

Palladino C, Breiteneder H. Peanut allergens. Mol Immunol. 2018;100:58–70. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

24.

Bousquet J, Anto JM, Just J, Keil T, Siroux V, Wickman M. The multimorbid polysensitized phenotype is associated with the severity of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139:1407–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

25.

Fontanella S, Frainay C, Murray CS, Simpson A, Custovic A. Machine learning to identify pairwise interactions between specific IgE antibodies and their association with asthma: a cross-sectional analysis within a population-based birth cohort. PLoS Med. 2018;15:e1002691. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

26.

Thacher JD, Gruzieva O, Pershagen G, Melén E, Lorentzen JC, Kull I, et al. Mold and dampness exposure and allergic outcomes from birth to adolescence: data from the BAMSE cohort. Allergy. 2017;72:967–74. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

27.

Emons JAM, Gerth van Wijk R. Food allergy and asthma: is there a link? Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2018;5:436–44. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

28.

Til-Pérez G, Carnevale C, Sarría-Echegaray PL, Arancibia-Tagle D, Chugo-Gordillo S, Tomás-Barberán MD. Sensitization profile in patients with respiratory allergic diseases: differences between conventional and molecular diagnosis (a cross-sectional study). Clin Mol Allergy. 2019;17:8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

29.

González-Padilla E, Tao Z, Sánchez-Villegas A, Álvarez-Pérez J, Borné Y, Sonestedt E. Association between adherence to Swedish dietary guidelines and Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke in a Swedish population. Nutrients. 2022;14:1253. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

30.

Barros R, Moreira A, Fonseca J, de Oliveira JF, Delgado L, Castel-Branco MG, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fresh fruit intake are associated with improved asthma control. Allergy. 2008;63:917–23. [DOI] [PubMed]

31.

Wang E, Wechsler ME, Tran TN, Heaney LG, Jones RC, Menzies-Gow AN, et al. Characterization of severe asthma worldwide: data from the International Severe Asthma Registry. Chest. 2020;157:790–804. Erratum in: Chest. 2021;160:1989. [DOI] [PubMed]