From:  An expert position paper on environment, occupation and climate change effects on allergic respiratory diseases in Italy

 Italian epidemiological studies on the effects of pollen on respiratory and allergic diseases.

StudyPopulation/AreaExposureOutcomesSusceptibility factorsEffect estimation
Di Cicco et al., 2022 [63]Pisa Area, Italy
0–17 years
Total pollenHospital admissions for asthma symptoms (codes 466.0, 493, 519.11 and 518.81)Greater effect in children sensitized to one or more outdoor allergens, in boys and in the 5–17 age groupChange (%): 5.4% (95% CI 1.1–9.8%) (Lag 0) (delta=10 granules/m3)
Damialis et al., 2021 [157]31 countries (including Italy)
Population of all ages
Total pollenSARS-CoV-2 infectionBehavioral/social (lockdown)Effect of pollen on infection risk halved during lockdown
Bono et al., 2016 [152]Turin, Italy
0–18 years
Total pollenEmergency room admissions for respiratory problems (codes ICD9 460–466, 487, 490–493)-Change (%): 0.7% (95% CI 0.1–1.2%) (Lag 1) (delta=10 granules/m3)

Lag: time interval in days between peak exposure to pollutant and health event. CI: Confidence interval.