Exploration of Asthma & Allergy

Table 2. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).

Associated autoimmune conditions	Evidence type	Reported cases (n)	Time to onset	Key findings
T1DM	Case reports	3	9 days to 7 months	Low C-peptide, +GAD, +IA2
Grave’s disease	Case reports	≥ 4	1–9 months	Low TSH, high FT4, high TBII, +TgAB
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis	Case report; cohort study	≥ 3	Weeks to months	anti-TPO, anti-TG
Bullous pemphigoid	Case report	1	9 days	Subepidermal blisters; linear IgG immunofluorescence
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	Case report	1	3 months	Severe ADAMS13 deficiency
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Cohort study	1	Weeks	+Coombs, high LDH, Low haptoglobin
Vitiligo	Case report; cohort study	4	3 weeks to 6 months	Depigmentation; Increased CD8⁺ IFN-γ
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease/systemic lupus erythematosus	Case report	1	Years	+ANA, Low C3/C4

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ANA: antinuclear antibody; anti-TG: anti-thyroglobulin; anti-TPO: anti-thyroperoxidase; FT4: free thyroxine 4; GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase; IA2: islet antigen-2; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; TgAB: thyroglobulin antibody; TBII: thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Declarations

Author contributions

DAS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision. LPW: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KW: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MH: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

No datasets were generated for this study.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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