Exploration of Asthma & Allergy

Table 1. Subphenotypes of N-ERD.

Subphenotype	Main features	Polyps	Inflammation	Test reaction	Best treatments
Classic N-ERD (severe eos)	Severe asthma + recurrent CRS	Very severe	High T2/eos	Strong, low-dose	Biologics, LTRAs, surgery
Moderate N-ERD (upper-airway dominant)	CRS > asthma	Moderate	Medium T2	Nasal-dominant	ATAD, corticosteroids
Non-T2/neutrophilic	Less nasal polyp, atypical	Mild/None	Low T2, neutrophilic	Mild	Macrolides, stepwise asthma treatment
Atopic N-ERD	Allergy-driven asthma	Mild/Moderate	High IgE	Moderate	Anti-IgE
Lower-airway dominant	Severe asthma > CRS	Mild	Mixed	Bronchial-dominant	Biologics

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N-ERD: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease; CRS: chronic rhinosinusitis; T2: type 2 inflammation; eos: eosinophilic; IgE: immunoglobulin E; LTRAs: leukotriene receptor antagonists; ATAD: aspirin treatment after desensitization.

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Author contributions

NOA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. GEÇ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.

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