Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 2. Differences in low- and high-grade astrocytomas among various diagnostic MRI sequences that are currently utilized in astrocytoma diagnoses

Imaging modality	Low-grade astrocytomas	High-grade astrocytomas
MRI	Well-defined homogeneous masses with little or no mass effect, vasogenic edema, or enhancement after contrast administration	Strong contrast enhancement, peritumoral edema (evident on T2-FLAIR sequences), mass effects, heterogeneity, central necrosis, and intratumoral hemorrhage on conventional MRI
SWI	Low ITSS grade	High ITSS grade
DWI	High ADC	Low ADC
PWI	Low rCBV	High rCBV
DCE	High K^trans	Low K^trans
MRS	Low Lip-Lac/Cr, low Cho/Cr	High Lip-Lac/Cr, high Cho/Cr

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SWI: susceptibility-weighted imaging; ITSS: intratumoral susceptibility score; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; ADC: apparent diffusion coefficient; PWI: perfusion-weighted imaging; rCBV: relative cerebral blood volume; DCE: dynamic contrast enhancement; K^trans: volume transfer coefficient; MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Lip-Lac/Cr: lipid-lactate to creatine; Cho/Cr: choline to creatine

Declarations

Author contributions

MW: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JW: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JF: Writing—original draft. ED: Writing—original draft. SS: Writing—original draft. BO: Writing—original draft. KC: Writing—original draft. JH: Writing—original draft. BLW: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

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