Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 1. Differences between CAA and AD [30–34].

Features	CAA	AD
Pathophysiology	Aβ40 accumulation in small- to medium-sized blood vessels, dominantly in the cortex and leptomeningeal vessels	Aβ42 plaques and tau accumulation in the brain parenchyma
Imaging (MRI) features	Microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis, lobar hemorrhages, white matter hyperintensities	Hippocampal atrophy, white matter hyperintensities
Biomarkers (CSF, plasma)	Lower Aβ40 levels	Lower Aβ42 levels
Clinical presentations	Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage, transient focal neurological episodes, cognitive impairment	Cognitive decline, language difficulties, executive dysfunction

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CAA: cerebral amyloid angiopathy; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ: amyloid β; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid.

Declarations

Author contributions

TW: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. CF: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. AA: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. MKS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

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Consent to publication

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