Summary of suggested therapies according to the endometrial immune profile
Immune endometrial profile
GC
Intralipids
Luteal hCG
LMWH
Scratching
Supplementation in progesterone
Exposure to seminal plasma after ET
No dysregulation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Low immune activation
-
-
×
-
×
-
×
Over immune activation
×
×
-
×
-
×
-
Mixed profile
×
×
×
×
?
×
-
GC: glucocorticoids; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; -: not recommended; ×: recommended; ?: depending on the case
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We have written this article in memory of Gérard Chaouat, our mentor who passed away in 2021. He was one of those rare and pure men that it is an honor to know. As for all of us, his name evokes atypicality mixed with a dazzling intelligence in an eternally utopian spirit, generous and respectful of others. In our discipline of reproductive medicine, he fought against all odds to have the importance of innate immunity in reproduction accepted. He proved through his research the importance of the primordial immunological dialogue between the uterus and the embryo in the construction of our humanity (the placenta). His researches were decisive for the understanding of all obstetrical diseases and implantation disorders. Even today, if there is progress in our discipline, it will be by admitting, encompassing and overhanging the complexity of reproduction in order to go further.
Author contributions
AK and NL wrote this manuscript. NL interpreted the uterine immune profiles to personalize subsequent recommendations. AK performed the molecular analysis. MP and MR corrected the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
NL and MP are both inventors (PCT/EP2013/065355) and created the start-up MatriceLab Innove. The authors declare no other financial or commercial conflicts of interest.
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