HA, RP and EA contributed conception and design of the study; HA organized the database; HA and RP performed the statistical analysis; HA wrote the first draft of the manuscript; HA, RP, EA, SP and DK wrote sections of the manuscript. NLB edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets analyzed for this study can be found at Ali, Hassam (2021), “Downhill varices extracted variables from case reports”, Mendeley Data, V2, doi: 10.17632/t3mhc497c2.2.
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