Exploration of Medicine would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the reviewers who have generously contributed their time and expertise to support our journal in 2025. Their dedication and meticulous efforts in the peer review process are invaluable, ensuring the quality and integrity of the articles we published. The success of a peer-reviewed journal hinges on the commitment of our reviewers, who play a pivotal role in advancing scholarly communication and maintaining the highest standards of academic excellence. A special thanks to our reviewers for being an integral part of our mission.
In alphabetical order by last name:
Lubnaa Abdur Rahman, University of Bern, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland
Sara Aboulaghras, Université Ibn Tofail, Morocco
Carmela Abraham, ADvantage Therapeutics Inc., United States
Michael Adamaszek, Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa, Germany
Brian D. Adkins, University of Virginia School of Medicine, United States
Eknath Damu Ahire, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, India
Shabir Ahmad, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
John Aitken, The University of Newcastle, Australia
Kalangattu Sundaran Ajish Kumar, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai, India
Gulali Aktas, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Mojgan Alaeddini, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Luis Alcocer, Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial, Mexico
Saleh A. Alghamdi, National Guard Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Ali, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Tony Andreani, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, France
Rafael Araujo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico
Demetrio Arico, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, Italy
Teerakul Arpornsuwan, Thammasat University, Thailand
Marjan Azin, Harvard Medical School, United States
Haci Mehmet Baskonus, Harran Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Akash Batta, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, India
Linda Beenet, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Elona Begvarfaj, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
Jerzy Beltowski, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Satish B. Bhawsar, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation, India
Bulent Bilir, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Corina Bocsan, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
Dimitrios P Bogdanos, School of Health Sciences, Greece
Paul Brown, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica
Tiffany R. Butterfield, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica
Ivana Cacciatore, Algo Biotechnologies Srl, Italy
Enrico Capobianco, University of Miami, United States
Safaa B. Challan, Nuclear Research Center, Egypt
Chen Chen, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, United States
Hao Chen, Central South University, China
Jun Chen, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Yukkwan Chen, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, China
Zewen Chen, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
Zhenglin Chen, Lishui Central Hospital, China
Xu Chuanming, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
Stefano Cirillo, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
Raphael Ciuman, University Teaching Hospital, Germany
Felice Crocetto, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
Antimo Cutone, Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy
Mehdi Dadashpour, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Kiran Dahiya, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, India
Shi-xue Dai, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
Undurti Narasimha Das, UND Life Sciences, United States
Paul L.J. Dautzenberg, Brain Research Center, Netherlands
Peter Wilhelmus de Leeuw, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Netherlands
Rongquan Duan, Xuzhou Medical University, China
Ennio Duranti, SIEMC, Brazil
Doaa El Amrousy, Tanta University, Egypt
Abdelhamid Elaissari, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, France
A. A. Abd El-Aziz, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
Sally Mohammed El-Hefnawy, Al-Ryada University for Science and Technology, Egypt
Eman Eltahlawy, National Research Centre, Egypt
Cem Erkmen, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Robert Steven Esworthy, City of Hope National Med Center, United States
Samira Farjaminejad, City, University of London, United Kingdom
Mansoor Fateh, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran
Dennis F. Flanagan, Private practice, United States
Jose Agapito Fonseca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Daniel Foulkes, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Mette Frahm Frahm Olsen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Giulio Francolini, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Italy
Richard H.W. Funk, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Grassi Gabriele, Ospedale di Cattinara, Italy
Wenbin Gao, Mayo Clinic, United States
Rajiv Garg, King George's Medical University, India
Derek Gatherer, Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Lilach Gavish, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Wael Ghaly, Field of Medicine, Egypt
Ghassan Ghssein, Université Libanaise, Lebanon
David Gimenez-Diez, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Jack Gleeson, Cork University Hospital, Ireland
Yarden Gliksman, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel
Isidro Gonzales, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Peru
Dilip Gorai, Bolpur College, India
Kenichi Goto, Kyushu University, Japan
Alessandro Granito, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy
Myriam Grunewald, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Aziz Gultekin, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi, Türkiye
Neda Hakimiha, Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Iran
Jie Hao, Southeast Colorado Hospital, United States
Kenji Hashimoto, Chiba University, Japan
Ather Hassan, Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan
Heba Akram Hassan, National Research Centre, Egypt
Mert Ilker Hayiroglu, Health Sciences University, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Hospital, Türkiye
Kamran Heydaryan, Cihan University-Erbil, Iraq
Yoon Khee Hon, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
Kai-Sheng Hsieh, China Medical University, Taiwan, China
Yuqi Huo, Zhengzhou University, China
Behzad Imani, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Jakir Hossain Imran, Kookmin University, Republic of Korea
Francesco Inchingolo, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Mihaela Ileana Ionescu, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Iuliu Hatieganu din Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Changzhong Jin, The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, China
Oliver D John, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Robert G. Josephberg, Westchester Medical Center, United States
Abolghasem Jouyban, Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Iran
Gokmen Kahilogullari, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Türkiye
Devesh Kapoor, Dr. Dayaram Patel Pharmacy College, India
Robert Karpinski, Politechnika Lubelska, Poland
Manoj Kashyap, AUH-Gurugram, India
Nirmal Kumar Kasinathan, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, India
Islam Kassem, Alexandria University Hospitals, Egypt
Gokul Raj Kathamuthu, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Jozsef Katona, Obuda University, Hungary
Malkiet Kaur, Maharishi Markandeshwar, India
Asiya Khan, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital India, India
Andrej M. Kielbassa, Danube Private University, Austria
William King, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, United States
Anton R. Kiselev, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation
Olga I. Kiseleva, V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
Osama Kishta, University of Montreal, Canada
Sverre Kjeldsen, University of Oslo, Norway
Ko Ko, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
Eitaro Kodani, TAMA CITY Medical Association, Japan
Ivana Kolic, Institut za Nuklearne Nauke Vinca, Serbia
Nan Kong, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, United States
Jan Kovar, Institutu Klinické a Experimentální Medicíny, Czech Republic
Leyla Didem Kozaci, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Türkiye
Marie Krousel-Woods, Tulane University, United States
Ngit Shin Lai, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Malaysia
Timothy J. H. Lathlean, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
Floriana Lauritano, Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, China
Shin-Da Lee, China Medical University, Taiwan, China
Ieng Lei, Mayo Clinic, United States
Ling Lei, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
Marko B. Lens, Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel, Israel
Nidia Leon-Sicairos, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico
Enyou Li, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
Guisen Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Mengyao Li, Renji Hospital, China
Ning Li, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
Qihan Li, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
Tian Li, Tianjin Medical University, China
Ying Liao, Wuhan University, China
Min-Hsuan Lin, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Australia
Bingshan Liu, Zhengzhou University, China
Bohao Liu, The First Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, China
Jingjing Liu, The Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation, China
Rong Liu, Hubei Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory, China
Zengshan Liu, Jilin University, China
Lorenzo Salvatore Malatino, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy
Maryam Maleki, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Antonio Malvaso, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy
Mehman N. Mamedov, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation
Stefano Mancin, Humanitas Research Hospital, Italy
Vetter Marcus, Universitätsspital Basel, Switzerland
Athina Markou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Bashir Mnene Matata, Central Liverpool Primary Care Hub, United Kingdom
Hikaru Matsuoka, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Japan
Aurelien Maureille, Le Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Léon Bérard, France
Astrid Mayr, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
Julia Metzger, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
Manijeh Mianabadi, Golestan University, Iran
Senay Mihcin, Izmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Türkiye
Paul Mintken, Hawai'i Pacific University, United States
Rasim Mogulkoc, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Fatemeh Mohabatpour, The University of British Columbia, Canada
Sakib Mohammad, Fairmont State University, United States
Mohammmadreza Reza Mohammad Mohammadabadi, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
Noratiqah Mohtar, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Flaviu Moldovan, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
Simona Moldovanu, Universitatea Dunarea de Jos din Galati, Romania
Martin M. Mortazavi, Mortazavi Clinic, United States
Sara Mucherino, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico, Italy
Miquel Mulero, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
Francesk Mulita, University General Hospital of Patras, Greece
Joseph P. Myers, Summa Health, United States
Kun Na, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
Parvaiz Ahmad Naik, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, China
Jun Nakamura, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
Aysegul Nalca, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
Shouvik Kumar Nandy, Shoolini University, India
Aubin Joseph Nanfack, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Cameroon
Kamyar Nasiri, Islamic Azad University, Iran
Parisa Nategh, FAU College of Engineering and Computer Science, United States
Zunaira Nawaz, Dow University of Health Sciences Pakistan, Pakistan
Albert Nienhaus, Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung, Germany
Lina Niu, Air Force Medical University, China
James Mukasa Ntambi, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
Alessandro Nutini, Centro Studi Attività Motore, Italy
Elijah Ohimain, Niger Delta University, Nigeria
Stuart Jay Olshansky, American Federation for Aging Research, United States
Cem Onal, Başkent Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Yosuke Osawa, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
Alessandro Ottaiano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli, Italy
Jia Ouyang, Peking University People's Hospital, China
Bulent Ozlek, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Yanjun Pan, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, China
Snezana M. Pantovic, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
Michele Penza, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente, Italy
Pietro Pepe, Azienda Ospedaliera Cannizzaro, Italy
Ana Beatriz Perez, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, Cuba
Aleksandar Peric, Univerzitet Odbrane, Serbia
Giuseppina De Petro, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
Andy Petroianu, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Alessandra Pigni, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Italy
Agnieszka Pluta, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
Paul J. Pockros, Scripps Clinic, United States
Dimitri Poddighe, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
Lip Yee Por, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Bruno Pozzetto, University of Saint-Etienne French High Council of Public Health, France
Dheerendra Prasad, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, United States
Narayana G. Prasad, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
Massimo Primignani, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
Henry Punzi, Punzi Medical Center, United States
Francesco Puppo, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Italy
Yiwen Qian, Fudan University, China
Chuanqiang Qu, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
Mengmeng Qu, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China
Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan
Vandana Rai, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, India
Ishfaq Rashid, Tufts Medical Center, United States
Upaka Sanjeewa Rathnayake, Atlantic Technological University, Ireland
Marcella Reale, University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Italy
Juergen Reichardt, James Cook University, Australia
Khosro Rezaee, Meybod University, Iran
Leila Rezakhania, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Imad Rida, BMBI – Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, France
Svetlana Romanova, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States
Scott Roye, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, United States
Paul A Rufo, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
Omer Saeed, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
Marwah Adly Saleh, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
Juliano Brum Scheffer, IBRRA - Brazilian Institute of Assisted Reproduction, Brazil
Michael J. Schell, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
Eugene Roger Schiff, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States
Andrea Semplicini, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
Jussi Seppala, Social Insurance Institution Helsinki, Finland
Devanshi Seth, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Australia
Edi Setiawan, Universitas Suryakancana, Indonesia
Edi Setiawan, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia
Peter S Sever, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom
Dongjing Shan, Luzhou Medical College, China
Junya Shiota, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
Michinori Shirano, Osaka City General Hospital, Japan
Ajay Singh, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Germany
Mukesh Kumar Singhal, Sardar Patel Medical College, India
Mirzaei Siroos, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Austria
Dimitra Skondra, The University of Chicago, United States
Konstantin V. Slavin, Department of Neurosurgery, United States
Jesse Slone, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centeri, United States
Kresimir Solic, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Croatia
Anna Maria Spagnolo, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
Azzurra Stefanucci, University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Italy
Gary Steven, Allergy, Asthma & Sinus Center, United States
Litao Sun, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China
Wen Long Sun, Shandong University of Technology, China
Ahsan Syed, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan
Patricia Tai, University Saskatchewan, Canada
Hailin Tang, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, China
Marco Tatullo, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Chee Loong Teo, Agri Season Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia
Rolf Teschke, Klinikum Hanau, Germany
Esubalew Tesfahun, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia
Bhushan L Thakur, National Cancer Institute, United States
Yuan Tian, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, China
Verena Tischler, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
Guangdong Tong, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
Jose Vallejo Torres, Medicolegal and Toxicological Investigation Division, United States
Sergio Heli Triana Sierra, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Tobias Trojan, Medizinische Fakultät, Germany
Ioanna Tsatsou, Athens General Hospital, Greece
Argyrios Tzamalis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Mansoor Ali Vaali-Mohammed, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Edoardo Vespa, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
Panagiotis J. Vlachostergios, IASO, Greece
Jun Wang, Jiangnan University, China
Liangchun Wang, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Ruochen Wang, Duke University, United States
Shuxia Wang, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
Xuexia Wang, Florida International University, United States
Zihua Wang, Fujian Medical University, China
Gonghong Wei, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland
Haim Werner, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Fan Wu, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, China
Yunlong Wu, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, China
Hongping Xia, School of Medicine, Southeast University, China
Xin Xie, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
Yingkun Xu, Shandong University, China
Wenjun Yang, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
Yifei Yao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Douglas Yee, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States
Tao Yi, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
Mustafa Yildiz, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Türkiye
Jongeun Yim, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
Gang Yin, UESTC Hospital, China
Guanyu Yu, Naval Medical University, China
Hao Zhang, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
Olga G. Zheludkova, Moscow Healthcare Department, Russian Federation
Chunfu Zheng, University of Calgary, Canada
Jun Zhong, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
Haiyan Zhou, Guiyang Medical College, China
Jiangxiong Zhu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China