Schneiderian membrane perforation according to tapping technique.
| Tapping technique | Perforation absent, n (%) | Perforation present, n (%) | Total, n |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centre tapping | 12 (60.0) | 8 (40.0) | 20 |
| Peripheral tapping | 16 (80.0) | 4 (20.0) | 20 |
| Total | 28 (70.0) | 12 (30.0) | 40 |
Note: Centre and peripheral tapping were performed on contralateral sides of the same 20 specimens.
MM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SRD: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KDK: Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization Writing—review & editing. ARA: Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AAA: Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. ASA: Project administration, Resources, Writing—review & editing. FMA: Project administration, Resources, Writing—review & editing. KMA: Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the final submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval was not required for this study because it used goat maxillae, and no animals were sacrificed solely for this research. Instead, the specimens were procured from a slaughterhouse, where goats are routinely processed for food consumption.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
The data presented in this study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The authors extend their appreciation to Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for funding this research work through the project number PSAU/2025/03/33904. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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