Exploration of Medicine

Table 3. Tricuspid annular data evaluated by three-dimensional echocardiography between hemophilia patients and controls.

Data	Controls (n = 30)	Hemophilia patients (n = 13)	p value
Morphological parameters
End-diastolic TA diameter (TAD-D) (cm)	2.41 ± 0.41	2.65 ± 0.34	0.071
End-diastolic TA area (TAA-D) (cm²)	7.68 ± 1.94	9.06 ± 2.32	0.050
End-diastolic TA perimeter (TAP-D) (cm)	10.68 ± 1.25	11.54 ± 1.32	0.049
End-systolic TA diameter (TAD-S) (cm)	1.99 ± 0.37	2.08 ± 0.37	0.428
End-systolic TA area (TAA-S) (cm²)	5.92 ± 1.78	5.65 ± 1.34	0.628
End-systolic TA perimeter (TAP-S) (cm)	9.34 ± 1.20	9.50 ± 1.46	0.709
Functional parameters
TAFAC (%)	26.57 ± 12.01	23.75 ± 9.42	0.420
TAFS (%)	21.56 ± 8.47	17.70 ± 6.46	0.109

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TA: tricuspid annulus; TAFAC: tricuspid annular fractional area change; TAFS: tricuspid annular fractional shortening.

Declarations

Author contributions

AN: Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. NA: Validation, Writing—review & editing. ZB: Supervision, Resources. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Attila Nemes, who is the Editorial Board Member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Medicine, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Institutional and Regional Biomedical Research Committee of the University of Szeged (number: 71/2011, latest approval 17th March 2025). The study conformed to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

All subjects gave their informed consent.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly available due to local restrictions. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to the corresponding author.

Funding

No funding.

Copyright

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