Exploration of Medicine

Table 1. Effects of different factors on 5-year relative survival of breast cancer.

Factor	Effect on 5-year relative survival
Early detection	Screening is a major contributor (~0.5–1%)
HR-positive tumor predominance	Moderate contribution
New drugs (HER2-positive, CDK4/6)	Mainly benefit metastatic disease; limited impact on population-level 5-year survival
Lead-time bias	Stage migration inflates survival without changing mortality

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Created based on synthesized published evidence. HR: hormone receptor; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; CDK4/6: cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6.

Declarations

Author contributions

LS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. OA: Data curation, Writing—review & editing. DB: Data curation, Writing—review & editing. MH: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. LF: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. MD: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. DA: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. VVH: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. PT: Supervision, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AJT: Writing—review & editing. EY: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. OS: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. SAG: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Patricia Tai, who is the Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Medicine, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

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