From:  Targeting redox imbalance in pediatric asthma: environmental control, antioxidant strategies, and nutraceutical interventions

 Summary of key clinical studies on antioxidant and nutraceutical interventions in asthma.

Ref.Study/AuthorsPopulationDesignInterventionPrimary outcomeKey Findings
A. Dietary antioxidant interventions
[82]Fabian et al.PediatricCross-sectionalDietary antioxidant intake assessmentTotal antioxidant status (TAS)Lower antioxidant intake and TAS in asthmatic vs. healthy children
[61]Romieu et al.PediatricObservationalFruit/vegetable intake; Mediterranean diet adherenceIL-8; FEV1; FVCHigher F & V intake → ↓ IL-8, ↑ FEV1/FVC; buffers ozone-related harm
[62]Lee et al.PediatricDB-RCT, 16 weeksF&V concentrates + fish oil + probioticsFEV1, FVC, and bronchodilator use↑ FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC; ↓ SABA and ICS use vs. placebo
[63]Berthon et al.PediatricRCT+3.5 servings F&V/dayExacerbation rate; airway reactance↑ Plasma carotenoids; ↑ airway reactance; exacerbation rate NS
[64]Songnuy et al.PediatricRCT, 8 weeksTomato + mixed fruit juiceACT; PAQLQ; serum antioxidants↑ ACT, ↑ PAQLQ; ↑ lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid
[65]Zhang et al.AdultProspective cohortComposite dietary antioxidant indexAll-cause mortalityHigher CDAI and lower DII → ↓ all-cause mortality in asthmatics
[66]Terzi et al.AdultCross-sectionalAntioxidant intake + plasma TASAsthma control; disease durationLower antioxidant intake and plasma TAS → poorer control and longer disease
[67]Bime et al.AdultObservationalDietary soy genisteinLung function; asthma controlModerate-high soy intake → ↑ lung function and asthma control
B. Single-nutrient supplementation
[82]Fabian et al.PediatricDB-RCT, 2 moOral Mg 300 mg/dayExacerbations, bronchial hyperreactivity, and SABA use↓ Exacerbations; ↓ bronchial hyperreactivity; ↓ SABA use vs. placebo
[7, 71]Oakley et al.
Gazdik et al.		MixedInterventionSelenium supplementationInflammatory markers; lung function↓ Inflammatory markers; possible ↑ lung function
[72, 73]Joliffe et al.
Wang et al.		Mixed (ped/adult)Meta-analysisVitamin D supplementationExacerbation rate (systemic CS)↓ Exacerbations ~25–30%; benefit mainly in VitD-insufficient (25-OHD < 30 ng/mL)
[75]Ghaffari et al.PediatricDB-RCT, 8 weeksVitamin E 50 mg/dayFEV1; FEV1/FVC↑ FEV1 and FEV1/FVC vs. placebo
[76]Xiong et al.PediatricUmbrella reviewCirculating α-tocopherolAsthma/wheeze prevalenceConsistent beneficial association between α-tocopherol and asthma/wheeze in children
[77]Hosseni et al.AdultRCT, 8 weeksPomegranate extract 500 mg/daySymptoms: neutrophil/eosinophil counts↑ Symptom control: ↓ neutrophil and eosinophil counts
C. Multi-Component Nutraceutical Supplementation
[78]Tenero et al.PediatricPilot interventionCurcumin + resveratrol + soy phospholipids + Zn + Se + VitDFeNO↓ FeNO beyond allergen-avoidance plateau; NS in control group
[79]Pecoraro et al.PediatricPlacebo-controlled RCTCurcumin + resveratrol + Zn + Mg + Se + VitDEndothelial function↑ Endothelial function: relevant to vascular dysfunction in asthma
[81]Jesenak et al.PediatricPlacebo-controlled trialβ-glucan (Pleurotus ostreatus) + vitamin CAsthma control; respiratory infections; exacerbations↑ Asthma control; ↓ respiratory infections; ↓ exacerbations
[82]Fabian et al.PediatricObservationalVit A, E, Se, β-carotene (self-reported)Plasma antioxidant biomarkers↑ Total antioxidant capacity in supplemented asthmatics; not seen in healthy controls
[83]Ajaz et al.MixedSystematic reviewVarious plant-based antioxidantsInflammatory markers; clinical outcomesAdjuvant benefit on inflammatory markers; heterogeneity limits conclusions
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Studies are organized by intervention category. Population labels indicate the primary study population; pediatric and adult data are distinguished throughout. ACT: Asthma Control Test; PAQLQ: Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; RCT: randomized controlled trial.