From:  Ultrasound-derived congestion phenotypes and their association with cardiac structure and function in HFpEF

 Laboratory and bioimpedance characteristics across ultrasound-derived congestion phenotypes.

ParametersLow-low (reference group) (n = 33)Pulmonary-dominant phenotype (n = 59)Mixed severe phenotype (n = 143)р
Laboratory parameters
NT-proBNP, pg/mL1,197.0 (752.0–2,473.0)1,979.0 (901.9–4,459.5)3,072.5 (1,389.5–5,961.8)< 0.001
Serum creatinine, µmol/L91.3 (79.2–117.4)92.9 (77.4–117.7)116.1 (89.6–155.6)< 0.001
eGFR (CKD-EPI), mL/min/1.73 m263.07 ± 18.4157.16 ± 20.1252.56 ± 20.760.032
Bioimpedance analysis
TBW, kg34.3 (31.0–39.0)33.2 (30.3–37.0)40.2 (36.3–49.7)< 0.001
TBW, % of reference102.0 (95.0–115.0)103.0 (97.5–111.0)125.0 (115.0–139.0)< 0.001
ECW, kg13.8 (12.3–15.5)13.5 (12.0–14.7)17.1 (15.2–21.1)< 0.001
ECW, % of reference101.0 (91.0–112.0)101.0 (94.0–111.5)129.0 (117.0–153.0)< 0.001
Edema index0.40 (0.38–0.40)0.40 (0.38–0.41)0.42 (0.40–0.43)< 0.001
Phase angle (50 kHz), degrees5.5 (4.8–6.6)5.5 (4.9–6.1)4.9 (4.1–5.7)< 0.001
Resistance measured at 50 kHz, ohms673.00 ± 133.85673.63 ± 104.83486.00 ± 126.69< 0.001
Reactance measured at 50 kHz, ohms57.0 (51.0–65.0)57.0 (47.5–67.5)37.0 (28.0–49.0)< 0.001
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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables (compared with one-way ANOVA) and as median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed variables (compared with Kruskal-Wallis test). Categorical variables are presented as n (%) and were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s test or Dunn’s test with Holm correction, p values represent overall comparisons across the three phenotypes. ECW: extracellular water; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TBW: total body water.