Exploration of Medicine

Shape	Size	Surface	Material
Functionalization	Toxicity	Toxicity	Toxicity
Toxicity	Biodistribution	Biodistribution	Biodistribution
Stability	Opsonization	Stability	Opsonization
Biodistribution	Cellular uptake	Opsonization	Cellular uptake
Opsonization	Clearance	Tissue retention	Drug release
Cellular uptake	EPR effect		Clearance
Tissue retention	Tissue retention		Tissue retention

Declarations

Author contributions

All authors contributed to manuscript writing and revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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