DL: deep learning; RF: random forest; SVM: support vector machine; GLM: Generalized Linear Model; SEML: stacking ensemble machine learning.
Footnote
1Wavelet Transform is a mathematical tool that breaks down signals (like sound or images) into small wave-like components called wavelets. Since the wavelet transform captures both frequency and timing information, making it great for analyzing signals with sudden changes.
Declarations
Author contributions
HYTW: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration. CX: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis. FT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Supervision, Funding acquisition. CCYC: Investigation, Writing—original draft. VTYL: Investigation, Resources, Writing—review & editing. SWYL: Investigation, Resources. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This is a retrospective study using public database. No IRB review is needed.
Consent to participate
The data is obtained from public database, no informed consent is needed.
UGC Research Matching Grant: [2021-02-75 RMGS210201], TWC College Research Grant: [2023-00-51 CRG230204], TWC School Research Grant: [2023-02-52 SRG230203]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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