Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) risk of bias assessment.
| Study | Selection (max 4★) | Comparability (max 2★) | Outcome (max 3★) | Total score (max 9★) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| El Bèze et al. [15] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Guerrero et al. [16] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Giustino et al. [17] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Körber et al. [18] | ★★★ | ★ | ★★ | 6 |
| Paukovitsch et al. [19] | ★★★ | ★ | ★★ | 6 |
| Nathan et al. [20] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Li et al. [21] | ★★ | ★ | ★★ | 5 |
| Geis et al. [22] | ★★★ | ★ | ★★ | 6 |
| Malaisrie et al. [23] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Mentias et al. [14] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
| Ludwig et al. [24] | ★★ | ★ | ★★ | 5 |
| Hohmann et al. [25] | ★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 8 |
| Tichelbäcker et al. [26] | ★★★ | ★ | ★★ | 6 |
| Schipper et al. [27] | ★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 8 |
| Alaour et al. [28] | ★★★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | 9 |
NOS star rating system for cohort studies. The maximum score is 9. Studies are graded as: low risk of bias (7–9 stars), moderate risk (4–6 stars), high risk of bias (0–3 stars).
TP: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. MF: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AS: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AD: Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. SSK: Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. DNH: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. TJ: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. MD: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. SAS: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. KYA: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. A Alkassar: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. SA: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. NAM: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. A Awosika: Supervision, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
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