GRADE summary table—certainty of evidence.
| Outcome | No. of studies (RCTs) | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall certainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IANB success rate (NSAIDs vs. Placebo) | 13 | + | - | + | - | - | - |
| IANB success rate (Corticosteroids vs. Placebo) | 6 | + | + | + | - | - | - |
| IANB success (NSAIDs vs. Corticosteroids) | 4 | + | × | + | × | - | + |
| Postoperative pain reduction | 5 | + | + | + | - | + | - |
Red ×: high; yellow -: some concerns; green +: low. RCTs: randomized controlled trials; IANB: inferior alveolar nerve block; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used the Adobe Firefly tool to create Figures 1 and 2. After using the tool, authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.
ADI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. GM: Methodology, Formal analysis, Supervision. LPZ: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Supervision. AS: Conceptualization, Software, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. FED: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. FI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. GMT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision. MDF: Methodology, Data curation, Supervision. AP: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. DDV: Validation, Resources, Writing—review & editing, Project administration. AMI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. GD: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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The primary data for this systematic review were sourced online from databases listed in the methods. Referenced articles are accessible on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Additional supporting data are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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