Exploration of Medicine

Table 4. Summary of studies on 3D printing in dental crown production.

Study focus	3D printing technology	Materials used	Key findings	Reference(s)
Overview of 3D printing in dental prostheses	Not specified	Cobalt-chromium, zirconia	Clinically acceptable results for interim restorations; further research needed for zirconia crowns.	[119]
Additive manufacturing of dental restorations	Lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM)	Ceramics	High accuracy and surface quality; suitable for staining and glazing.	[18]
Clinical application of 3D-printed temporary crowns	FDM	PLA	Temporary crowns were maintained without issues, rough surface texture, and translucency limitations.	[111]
Evaluation of 3D trueness of zirconia crowns	3D printing vs. CAD/CAM milling	Zirconia	3D-printed crowns met trueness requirements; suitable for ceramic restorations.	[21]
Development of 3D-printed crown resin materials	Not specified	Resin with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers	Improved mechanical properties; increased surface roughness; further optimization needed.	[120]
Case report on occlusal rehabilitation with 3D-printed crowns	Not specified	Not specified	High precision; minimal occlusal corrections needed; cost-effective and predictable treatments.	[15]
Accuracy of resin-based fixed dental restorations	DLP and SLA	Polymer-based materials	Clinically acceptable trueness; significant variability observed.	[21, 121]
Technological landscape of 3D-printed provisional crowns and bridges	Vat photopolymerization (SLA, DLP)	Resin-based materials	High mechanical characteristics; challenges with material durability and interlayer bonding.	[16]

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3D: three-dimensional; FDM: fused deposition modelling; PLA: polylactic acid; CAD/CAM: computer-aided design and manufacturing; DLP: digital light processing; SLA: stereolithography.

Declarations

Author contributions

PPB: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation. JJS: Methodology, Investigation. MS: Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization. AD: Resources, Investigation, Data curation. KP: Project administration, Writing—original draft, Supervision. MZA: Writing—review & editing, Validation. BAAW: Validation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study did not involve human participants or animal experiments directly. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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